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随着海洋养殖产业的快速发展，工船养殖作为一种新兴的养殖方式逐渐兴起。本研究探讨养殖工船所使用的环保型养殖舱涂料对水质及养殖鱼类的健康和品质产生的可能影响。本研究设定1倍、10倍、20倍、40倍和80倍5个涂料浓度处理组，选取5个时间点(12、24、48、72和96 h),测量水体中挥发酚的含量，检测大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)肝脏组织的抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量，观察肝脏组织病理切片，并检测参与细胞凋亡和免疫响应过程相关基因的表达水平。研究表明，1倍浓度涂料处理组水体中挥发酚含量在24、48、72和96 h分别为(3.93±0.78)、(2.75±1.57)、(3.54±0.24)和(3.26±0.20)μg/L,符合《渔业水质标准》(GB 11607—1989)规定的限值(≤5μg·L-1);而10倍和80倍浓度组在24和48 h挥发酚含量高于5μg/L。肝脏中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，丙二醛(MDA)含量则逐渐升高，其中1倍浓度涂料抗氧化酶活性及MDA含量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),其未对大黄鱼机体造成氧化损伤；随着涂料浓度的升高，胁迫强度增大，其他处理组均观察到大黄鱼肝脏的抗氧化酶系统有不同程度的损伤。通过观察肝脏的组织结构，发现80倍浓度组中肝脏产生了显著的病理变化。参与细胞凋亡及免疫响应过程的某些基因显著差异表达，以响应涂料胁迫下的应激反应。caspase8、bcl2和cxcl13等基因在80倍浓度组表达水平均高于同时间点1倍浓度组，其中，80倍浓度组在48 h时caspase8和cxcl13的表达量分别为对照组的2.01倍和10.11倍。本研究初步揭示了大黄鱼在涂料胁迫下的应激反应，对养殖工船涂料的使用及大黄鱼的健康养殖具有借鉴意义。
Abstract：With the rapid development of the marine aquaculture industry, aquaculture vessels are gradually emerging as an emerging aquaculture method. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of environmentally friendly aquaculture cabin coatings used on aquaculture vessels on water quality and the health and quality of farmed fish. In this study, we set up five coating concentration groups: 1-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 40-fold, and 80-fold, and selected five time points: 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. The concentration of volatile phenols in the water was measured, along with the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in the liver tissue of Larimichthys crocea. Liver tissue pathology was observed, and the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis and immune response processes were detected. The results showed that the volatile phenol content in the water column of the 1-fold coating group was(3.93±0.78),(2.75±1.57),(3.54±0.24), and(3.26±0.20) μg/L at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, respectively, which was in line with the limit values specified in the Fishery Water Quality Standard(GB 11607—1989)(≤5 μg·L-1). However, in the 10-fold and 80-fold concentration groups, the volatile phenol content exceeded 5 μg/L at 24 h and 48 h. The activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD), and glutathione S-transferase(GST) in the liver initially increased and then decreased, while the MDA content gradually increased. There was no significant difference(P>0.05) in the antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA content between the 1-fold concentration group and the control group, indicating no oxidative damage to the large yellow croaker. As the concentration of the coatings increased and the intensity of the stress increased, different degrees of damage to the antioxidant enzyme system of the liver of L. crocea were observed in all other treatment groups. Histological examination of the liver revealed significant pathological changes in the 80-fold concentration group. Genes involved in apoptosis and immune response were significantly differentially expressed in response to coating stress. In detailed, caspase8, bcl2, and cxcl13 were expressed at higher levels in the 80-fold concentration group compared to the 1-fold concentration group at the same time points. At 48 h, the expression levels of caspase8, and cxcl13 in the 80-fold concentration group were 2.01 times, and 10.11 times that of the control group, respectively. In the present study, we have revealed the stress response of L. crocea under coating stress, which is of great significance for the use of coatings on aquaculture vessels and the healthy culture of L. crocea.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240274
中图分类号:S965.322
引用信息:
[1]许炫,宋华玉,吴会才,等.环保型养殖舱涂料对大黄鱼肝脏抗氧化能力、组织结构和基因表达的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(12):36-49.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240274.
基金信息:
青岛市关键技术攻关及产业化示范类项目(23-1-3-hygg-15-hy); 山东省鱼类产业技术体系淡水鱼类育种岗位科学家项目(SDAIT-12-02)资助~~