| 612 | 1 | 34 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
秸秆还田作为一种对农业可持续发展具有积极促进作用的外源碳氮输入方式，因其富含有机质，能为土壤提供碳氮营养，并随着水分渗透过程参与深层土壤以及地下水的碳氮循环过程。本研究针对华北平原集约化农业区，选取代表性土壤样本，通过土柱淋溶实验模拟不同还田量(0、13 000及19 500 kg/hm2)和破碎程度(细碎与粗碎)下的秸秆还田策略，系统性探究了秸秆还田措施对土壤碳氮淋失特性的影响，并结合三维荧光技术分析淋滤液中DOC的荧光特征及其组分变化。实验研究结果表明：相较于其他秸秆处理组别，采用细破碎超量还田策略能显著提升DOC向深层土壤的迁移效率，累积DOC淋出量增长了16.77%～24.77%;与此同时，还能有效减少16.31%～34.84%的NO3~--N向下淋失。在淋溶周期结束后，所有秸秆处理的土壤样本均呈现出不同程度的固碳能力提升，增幅区间在7.67%～181.9%;而对于溶解性无机氮而言，NO3~--N为主要的存在形式，秸秆还田有助于提高其在土壤中的存储量。此外，三维荧光光谱分析揭示，秸秆还田能够引入易于微生物降解的DOC成分，从而激活土壤微生物活性，进一步影响DOC的化学结构稳定性。综上所述，采用细破碎并适当增大还田量的秸秆还田策略，既能优化DOC的淋溶效能，又能有效抑制NO3~--N向下淋溶，这对于改善土壤健康状况、减少地下水污染风险具有重要意义。
Abstract：Straw return, an exogenous carbon and nitrogen input strategy beneficial for agricultural sustainability, enriches the soil with organic matter, supplying vital carbon and nitrogen nutrients. It also contributes to deep soil and groundwater carbon-nitrogen cycling through water infiltration. This study was conducted in the intensively cultivated North China Plain, where representative soil samples were collected. Using column leaching experiments that simulated different straw return rates(0, 13 000, and 19 500 kg/hm2) and fragmentation levels(fine and coarse), this research systematically explored the effects of straw return on carbon and nitrogen loss characteristics in the soil. Furthermore, three-dimensional fluorescence technology was utilized to analyze the fluorescence characteristics and changes in DOC components within the leachate. Experimental results showed that, relative to other straw treatments, the fine-fragmented excessive straw return strategy significantly improved DOC migration efficiency to deeper soil layers, augmenting cumulative DOC leaching by 16.77%～24.77%. Simultaneously, it effectively reduced the downward leaching of NO3~--N by 16.31%～34.84%. Upon completing the leaching cycles, all soil samples subjected to straw return exhibited enhanced soil carbon sequestration capacity, with increases ranging from 7.67% to 181.9%. Regarding dissolved inorganic nitrogen, NO3~--N was the predominant form, with straw return facilitating its retention in the soil. Furthermore, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy analysis indicated that straw return introduced readily degradable DOC components, thus activating soil microbial activity and affecting the chemical structural stability of DOC. In summary, a straw return strategy that includes fine fragmentation and a moderate increase in return rate optimizes DOC leaching efficiency and effectively suppresses the downward leaching of NO3~--N. This approach is significantly important for enhancing soil health and reducing the risk of groundwater pollution.
[1] Chen Y,Xin L,Liu J,et al.Changes in bacterial community of soil induced by long-term straw returning[J].Scientia Agricola,2017,74(5):349-356.
[2] Gao F,Li B,Ren B,et al.Effects of residue management strategies on greenhouse gases and yield under double cropping of winter wheat and summer maize[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,687:1138-1146.
[3] Mei W,Yin Q,Tian X,et al.Optimization of plant harvest and management patterns to enhance the carbon sink of reclaimed wetland in the Yangtze River estuary[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2022,312:114954.
[4] Gao N,Wei Y,Zhang W,et al.Carbon footprint,yield and economic performance assessment of different mulching strategies in a semi-arid spring maize system[J].Science of the Total Environment,2022,826:154021.
[5] Meng Y,Wu K,Gong P,et al.Effects of corn stalks returning on soil microbial carbon use efficiency and corn yield in Semi-Arid cropland[J].Bioresources,2024,19(1):103-115.
[6] Zhao Z,Geng P,Wang X,et al.Improvement of Active organic carbon distribution and soil quality with the combination of deep tillage and no-tillage straw returning mode[J].Agronomy-Basel,2023,13(9):2398.
[7] Jin Z,Shah T,Zhang L,et al.Effect of straw returning on soil organic carbon in rice-wheat rotation system:A review[J].Food and Energy Security,2020,9(2):e200.
[8] Meng X,Zhang S,Wang Y,et al.The effect of crop residue management and nitrogen supply on canopy light interception and N distribution[J].International Journal of Plant Production,2023,17(4):757-773.
[9] Yue Y,Gong X,Zheng Y,et al.Organic material addition optimizes soil structure by enhancing copiotrophic bacterial abundances of nitrogen cycling microorganisms in Northeast China[J].Agronomy-Basel,2023,13(8):2108.
[10] Xia L,Lam S K,Wolf B,et al.Trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration and reactive nitrogen losses under straw return in global agroecosystems[J].Global Change Biology,2018,24(12):5919-5932.
[11] Li R,Ruan X,Bai Y,et al.Effect of wheat-maize straw return on the fate of nitrate in groundwater in the Huaihe River Basin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,592:78-85.
[12] Xu M,Lou Y,Sun X,et al.Soil organic carbon active fractions as early indicators for total carbon change under straw incorporation[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2011,47(7):745-752.
[13] Berhane M,Xu M,Liang Z,et al.Effects of long-term straw return on soil organic carbon storage and sequestration rate in North China upland crops:A meta-analysis[J].Global Change Biology,2020,26(4):2686-2701.
[14] 王红妮，王学春，赵长坤，等.油菜秸秆还田对水稻根系、分蘖和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报，2019,30(4):1243-1252.Wang H,Wang X,Zhao C,et al.Effects of oilseed rape straw incorporation on root,tiller and grain yield of rice[J] Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2019,30(4):1243-1252.
[15] Cong P,Wang J,Li Y,et al.Changes in soil organic carbon and microbial community under varying straw incorporation strategies[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2020,204:104735.
[16] He W,Hur J.Conservative behavior of fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC components in resin fractionation processes and its applicability for characterizing dissolved organic[J].Water Research,2015,83:217-226.
[17] Huguet A,Vacher L,Relexans S,et al.Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary[J].Organic Geochemistry,2009,40(6):706-719.
[18] Zsolnay A,Baigar E,Jimenez M,et al.Differentiating with fluorescence spectroscopy the sources of dissolved organic matter in soils subjected to drying[J].Chemosphere,1999,38(1):45-50.
[19] Mcknight D M,Boyer E W,Westerhoff P K,et al.Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2001,46(1):38-48.
[20] Chen W,Westerhoff P,Leenheer J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-Emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[21] Cai Z,Zhang W,Li S,et al.Microbial degradation mechanism and pathway of the novel insecticide paichongding by a newly isolated sphingobacterium sp.p1-3 from soil[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2015,63(15):3823-3829.
[22] Yang H,Ma J,Rong Z,et al.Wheat straw return influences nitrogen-cycling and pathogen associated soil microbiota in a wheat-soybean rotation system[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2019,10:1811.
[23] Yang L,Muhammad I,Chi Y X,et al.Straw return and nitrogen fertilization to maize regulate soil properties,Microbial community,and enzyme activities under a dual cropping system[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2022,13:823963.
[24] 黄锦文，李日坤，陈志诚，等.不同稻草还田技术对烟—稻轮作系统土壤养分、有机碳及微生物多样性的影响[J].中国水稻科学，2023,37(4):415-426.Huang J,Li R,Chen Z,et al.Effects of straw returning techniques on soil nutrients,organic carbon and microbial diversity in tobacco-rice rotation system[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2023,37(4):415-426.
[25] Hua K,Zhu B.Leaching is the dominant route for soil organic carbon lateral transport under crop straw addition on sloping croplands[J].Plant Soil and Environment,2018,64(7):344-351.
[26] Adyasari D,Dimova N,Waska H,et al.Dissolved organic matter and nutrient processing in organic-rich subterranean estuaries:Implications for future land use and climate scenarios[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,2023,362:65-76.
[27] Strack M,Toth K,Bourbonniere R,et al.Dissolved organic carbon production and runoff quality following peatland extraction and restoration[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,37(12):1998-2008.
[28] Wang C,Chang Z,Niu S.Effect of maize straw-derived biochar on calcareous arable soil organic carbon mineralization under the condition of with or without nitrogen-fertilizer addition[J].Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2020,20(4):2606-2616.
[29] Chen X,Lin J,Wang P,et al.Resistant soil carbon is more vulnerable to priming effect than active soil carbon[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2022,168:71-82.
[30] Hu Y,Sun B,Wu S,et al.After-effects of straw and straw-derived biochar application on crop growth,yield,and soil properties in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) -maize (Zea mays L.) rotations:A four-year field experiment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,780:146560.
[31] Qin S,Hu C,Clough T J,et al.Irrigation of DOC-rich liquid promotes potential denitrification rate and decreases N2O/(N2O+N2) product ratio in a 0～2 m soil profile[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2017,106:1-8.
[32] Wang L,Xin J,Nai H,et al.Effects of different fertilizer applications on nitrogen leaching losses and the response in soil microbial community structure[J].Environmental Technology & Innovation,2021,23:101608.
[33] 王红霞.土壤中溶解性有机碳、氮及其迁移淋溶特性研究[D].咸阳：西北农林科技大学，2008.Wang H,Study on Dissolved Organic Carbon,Nitrogen and Their Migration and Leaching Characteristics in Soil[D].Xianyang:Northwest A & F University,2008.
[34] Li S,Hu M,Shi J,et al.Integrated wheat-maize straw and tillage management strategies influence economic profit and carbon footprint in the Guanzhong Plain of China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,767:145347.
[35] Siedt M,Teggers E,Linnemann V,et al.Microbial degradation of plant residues rapidly causes long-lasting hypoxia in soil upon irrigation and affects leaching of nitrogen and metals[J].Soil Systems,2023,7(2):62.
[36] Kim H,Kim S,Jeon E,et al.Effect of dissolved organic carbon from sludge,Rice straw and spent coffee ground biochar on the mobility of arsenic in soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,636:1241-1248.
[37] Zhao W,Li J,Deng K,et al.Effects of crop straw biochars on aluminum species in soil solution as related with the growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) in an acidic Ultisol under field condition[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2020,27(24):30178-30189.
[38] Zhao D,Ling J,Wu G,et al.The incorporation of straw into the subsoil increases C,N,and P enzyme activities and nutrient supply by enriching distinctive functional microorganisms[J].Land Degradation & Development,2023,34(5):1297-1310.
[39] Liang Y,Al-Kaisi M,Yuan J,et al.Effect of chemical fertilizer and straw-derived organic amendments on continuous maize yield,soil carbon sequestration and soil quality in a Chinese Mollisol[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2021,314:107403.
[40] Liang H,Lv H,Batchelor W D,et al.Simulating nitrate and DON leaching to optimize water and N management practices for greenhouse vegetable production systems[J].Agricultural Water Management,2020,241:106377.
[41] Colombani N,Gervasio M P,Castaldelli G,et al.Soil conditioners effects on hydraulic properties,leaching processes and denitri fication on a silty -clay soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,2020,733:139342.
[42] 宋佳丽，王鸿雁，张淑香，等.施肥和秸秆还田对黑土农田土壤剖面养分分布的影响[J].生态学杂志，2022,41(1):108-115.Song J,Wang H,Zhang S,et al.Effects of fertilization and straw return on nutrient distribution along soil profile in black soil croplands[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2022,41(1):108-115.
[43] Shi L,Tang H,Li W,et al.Effects of long-term fertilizer practices on rhizosphere soil nitrogen mineralization in the double-cropping rice field[J].Journal of Basic Microbiology,2023,63(7):781-789.
[44] Li Y,Hu Y,Song D,et al.The effects of straw incorporation with plastic film mulch on soil properties and bacterial community structure on the loess plateau[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2021,72(2):979-994.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240051
中图分类号:X71;S141.4;X144
引用信息:
[1]吴涵,张志远,贾琳娜,等.秸秆还田量及破碎程度影响下的农田土壤碳氮淋失特征[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(04):120-133.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240051.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(42177053)资助~~