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多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)作为一类具有“三致”效应的持久性有机污染物，在高强度人类活动的近海地区广泛分布，环境风险备受关注。目前，由于缺乏对入海排污单元和重点行业PAHs排放量时空变化的认知，对PAHs污染陆海统筹防治形成制约。本研究环胶州湾排污单元为研究区域，分析了其2022年8月(丰水期)和2023年4月(枯水期)7条入湾河流和4个公共污水处理厂直排口水体中溶解态PAHs(Dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, DPAHs)和颗粒态PAHs(Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAHs)的组成、浓度及入海通量的时空变化，应用特征比值和主成分分析法(Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression, PCA-MLR),解析环湾地区PAHs的主要来源，采用排放因子法，估算了胶州湾排污单元PAHs的排放量及主要行业贡献率。丰水期和枯水期，入胶州河流和直排口水体中DPAHs浓度，受光降解等环境因素的影响，整体呈现丰水期低于枯水期的特征，均值分别为(207.4±52.9)和(645.9±184.8) ng·L-1;PPAHs浓度受颗粒物通量增加和吸附效应增强的协同作用，整体则呈现丰水期高于枯水期的特征，均值分别为(78.3±132.3)和(17.7±11.1)μg·g-1;其中，丰水期DPAHs以3环为主，枯水期以4环为主；丰水期和枯水期PPAHs均以3环为主。丰水期PAHs的入海通量为1 645.5 kg·month-1,约为枯水期的13.6倍。基于PAHs特征比值和PCA-MLR结果表明，环湾排污单元PAHs主要来源于石油煤炭和生物质不完全燃烧过程。环湾排污单元内16种PAHs的年排放量为82.37 t·a-1,按照占比，排污单元由高到低依次为大沽河(45.8%)、墨水河(20.3%)、海泊河(10.8%)、李村河(7.0%)、娄山河(5.7%)、镰湾河(4.1%)、团岛(3.5%)和洋河(2.8%)排污单元。按照重点行业贡献率，由高到低依次为交通源(51.7%)、生活源(32.3%)和工业源(16.1%)。研究结果可为胶州湾PAHs污染精准施策提供科学依据。
Abstract：PolycyclicAromaticHydrocarbons(PAHs), as a kind of persistent organic pollutants with "three-cause" effect, are widely distributed in the offshore areas with high intensity of human activities, and their environmental risks have attracted much attention. At present, due to the lack of understanding of the spatial and temporal changes of PAHs emissions from offshore sewage units and key industries, the systemic prevention and control of PAHs pollution in the Gulf is restricted. In this study, the pollutant discharging unit(PDU) unit around Jiaozhou Bay(JZB) was taken as the research area, and the composition, concentration and temporal and spatial changes of dissolved PAHs(DPAHs) and particulate PAHs(PPAHs) in the water bodies of seven rivers entering the bay and four public sewage treatment plants in the August, 2022(wet season) and the April, 2023(dry season) were analyzed. The main sources of PAHs in the ring area were analyzed using the characteristic ratio and principal component analysis(PCA-MLR) method, and the emission factor method was used to estimate the emission of PAHs in the JZB PDU and the contribution rate of major industries. During the wet season and dry season, the concentration of DPAHs in the rivers entering JZB and the direct discharge water is affected by environmental factors such as photodegradation, and the overall characteristics are lower in the wet season than in the dry season, with the average values of(207.4±52.9) and(645.9±184.8) ng·L-1; respectively. The concentration of PPAHs was influenced by the increase of particle flux and the enhancement of adsorption effect, and it was higher in wet season than in dry season, with average values of(78.3±132.3) and(17.7±11.1) μg·g-1, respectively. Among them, DPAHs is mainly composed of 3 rings in wet season and 4 rings in dry season; In wet season and dry season, PPAHs is mainly composed of 3 rings. The flux of PAHs into the sea in wet season is 1 645.5 kg·month-1, which is about 13.6 times that in dry season. Based on the analysis of PAHs characteristic ratio and PCA-MLR results show that PAHs in the sewage disposal unit around the bay mainly come from the incomplete combustion process of petroleum, coal and biomass. The annual emission of 16 kinds of PAHs in the sewage units around JZB is 82.37 t·a-1, and PDUs in descending order are Dagu River(45.8%), Moshui River(20.3%), Haibo River(10.8%), Licun River(7.0%), Loushan River(5.7%), Lianwan River(4.1%), Tuandao River(3.5%) and Yang River(2.8%). According to the contribution rate of key industries, from high to low, it is traffic source(51.7%), life source(32.3%) and industrial source(16.1%). The research results can provide scientific basis for the precise policy of PAHs pollution in Jiaozhou Bay.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250162
中图分类号:X55;X522
引用信息:
[1]闫一丹,王晓雪,梁生康,等.胶州湾入海河流及直排污口水体中多环芳烃污染特征及来源解析[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(05):71-85.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250162.
基金信息:
崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202203901); 山东省重点研究发展项目(2022QNLM040002); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(20247200)资助~~
2025-05-12
2025
2025-06-22
2025-06-25
2025
1
2026-04-27
2026-04-27