对中国红树林物种组成、资源状况和分布特征进行了调查和评价。结果表明,中国红树林天然分布南界为海南三亚(18°12′N),北界为福建福鼎(27°20′N)(人工引种北界为浙江乐清28°25′N)。中国红树林区系有红树植物20科26属37种。广东、广西和海南沿海是中国红树林的主要分布地区。近50年来,红树林面积先是锐减(1950年,48266 hm2;1997年,14877 hm2),2000年后略有回升(2002年,22024.9 hm2;2008年,23081.5 hm2)。合理评估红树林湿地生态效价,完善红树林保护区制度,推进红树林湿地生态修复工程,构建红树林湿地保护网络系统,是中国红树林资源保护性开发利用的可行对策。

The species composition,resources status and distribution characters of mangroves in China were investigated and evaluated by field survey and data analysis together with literature.It indicated that the natural distribution south boundary of Chinese mangroves is at 18°12′N(Sanya,Hainan province),and the north boundary is at 27°20′N(Fuding,Fujian province) with an artificial planting north boundary at 28°25′N(Yueqing,Zhejiang province).A total of 37 species of mangrove plants belonging to 26 genera in 20 families were found in China.The coasts of Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan are the main areas of Chinese mangroves.In the past 50 years,the mangrove area in China decreased acutely from 48 266 hm2 in 1950 to 14 877 hm2 in 1997,whereas since 2000 the area has increased slightly from 22 024.9 hm2 in 2002 to 23 081.5 hm2 in 2008.The feasible strategies for protective exploitation of Chinese mangrove resources should be to evaluate the ecological effects of mangrove wetlands reasonably,to improve the natural reserves system,to promote the ecological restoration engineering,as well as to establish a network for mangrove conservation.