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中尺度涡是海洋里广泛发生的一种“天气尺度”海洋动力学现象，识别中尺度涡并分析其运动学特征，对海洋科学研究、渔业、航运、军事战略等均具有重要意义。本研究基于1993—2022年的卫星高度计数据，结合优化后的中尺度涡识别和追踪算法，对西北太平洋和南海海域的中尺度涡开展识别与追踪，获取了该海域中尺度涡的基本运动学参量。在西北太平洋和南海海域内，本研究共识别出16 240个涡旋，气旋涡与反气旋涡的数量相当。其中，长寿命涡旋(≥28 d)的数量为6 458个，而短寿命涡旋(10～27 d)的数量为9 782个，短寿命涡旋占涡旋总数量的60.2%,涡动能占总涡动能的21.1%,表明短寿命涡旋在海洋涡旋研究和能量平衡中起着不可忽视的作用。进一步分析表明，副热带逆流区、吕宋海峡西部和越南东部是长寿命涡旋的主要生成区，而西北太平洋西边界流区、副热带逆流区、吕宋海峡西部、吕宋岛西侧和越南东南部则是短寿命涡旋的主要生成区。短寿命涡旋的平均半径、振幅、相对涡度、传播速度和涡动能与长寿命涡旋呈现出相似的分布特征，但其强度显著小于长寿命涡旋，这表明涡旋的寿命受涡旋强度的影响。无论是长寿命涡旋还是短寿命涡旋，西北太平洋的涡旋数量、平均半径、振幅和传播速度均显著大于南海，而其平均涡度则小于南海，平均涡动能与南海相当。越南东南部、副热带逆流区和热带海域分别具有最大的相对涡度、最多的生成数量和振幅、最大的半径和涡动能，而吕宋海峡西部海区的各项参数处于中等水平。以上研究刻画了西北太平洋和南海中尺度涡的基本运动学特征，强调了短寿命涡旋的重要性，提升了对研究海域中尺度涡的认知。
Abstract：Mesoscale eddies are a widely occurring "weather-scale" oceanic dynamic phenomenon. Identifying mesoscale eddies and analyzing their kinematic characteristics are of great significance for oceanographic research, fisheries, navigation, and military strategy. This study utilizes satellite altimeter data from 1993 to 2022, combined with an optimized mesoscale eddy identification and tracking algorithm, to identify and track mesoscale eddies in the Northwest Pacific and the South China Sea, obtaining key kinematic parameters of eddies in these regions. A total of 16 240 eddies were identified, with cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies occurring in nearly equal numbers. Long term eddies(lasting 28 d or more) accounted for 6 458 cases, while short-term eddies(10～27 d) totaled 9 782, making up 60.2% of all eddies and contributing 21.1% of the total eddy kinetic energy. This underscores the critical role of short-term eddies in mesoscale eddy research and oceanic energy balance. Further analysis revealed that the subtropical countercurrent region, the western Luzon Strait, and eastern Vietnam are the primary generation areas for long-term eddies. Meanwhile, short-term eddies are mainly generated in the western boundary current region of the Northwest Pacific, the subtropical countercurrent region, the western Luzon Strait, the western side of Luzon Island, and southeastern Vietnam. The spatial distribution of short-term eddies' mean radius, amplitude, relative vorticity, propagation speed, and kinetic energy resembles that of long-term eddies, but their intensity is significantly lower, suggesting that eddy lifespan is influenced by eddy strength. Regardless of lifespan, eddies in the Northwest Pacific exhibit greater numbers, larger mean radius, higher amplitudes, and faster propagation speeds than those in the South China Sea, while their mean vorticity is lower. The mean kinetic energy of eddies in both regions is comparable. Among the key eddy formation areas, southeastern Vietnam has the highest relative vorticity, the subtropical countercurrent region has the greatest number and amplitude of eddies, and the tropical region features the largest radius and kinetic energy. Meanwhile, the western Luzon Strait shows intermediate values across all parameters. This study delineates the fundamental kinematic characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the Northwest Pacific and the South China Sea, highlights the importance of short-term eddies, and enhances the understanding of mesoscale eddies in the studied regions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250046
中图分类号:P731.2
引用信息:
[1]文牧宽,孙忠斌,张志伟.西北太平洋与南海中尺度涡的运动学特征研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(12):13-25.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250046.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(42222601,42206015); 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023JQ013)资助~~