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南海永乐龙洞位于西沙群岛永乐环礁,是迄今为止发现的最深的海洋蓝洞,水文环境及理化因素特殊,90 m以下水体为无氧环境。为研究永乐龙洞浮游植物的群落组成及其昼夜变化,于2017年3月在龙洞、潟湖及外礁坡进行浮游植物样品采集。研究结果表明:龙洞内叶绿素a浓度呈现随深度先增大后减小的趋势,日间浓度最大值层出现在40 m层(0.42μg/L),夜间则出现在20 m层(0.59μg/L)。永乐龙洞微微型浮游植物丰度介于1.1×103～5.1×104 cells/mL。聚球藻在上层水体占优势(0～20 m),40 m以下水层原绿球藻丰度对微微型浮游植物丰度贡献率最大(90%以上),微微型真核浮游植物丰度在整个水体都较低(除20 m层)。微微型浮游植物昼夜存在明显差异,夜间其丰度最大值层为20 m层,日间则上移至表层。本研究共记录微型和小型浮游植物5门41属55种(含未定种)。其中,硅藻门25属34种、甲藻门12属15种、金藻门1属1种、蓝藻3属、隐藻1属。微型和小型浮游植物丰度介于3.3×102～9.8×104 cells/L。甲藻丰度对浮游植物总丰度贡献率最大,其次是硅藻,隐藻和蓝藻丰度仅在少数水层占优势。微型和小型浮游植物昼夜变化明显,夜间丰度最大值层为20 m层,日间则出现在40 m层。微微型、微型和小型浮游植物垂直分布与叶绿素a浓度垂直分布一致性高。龙洞浮游植物的种类数和丰度高于潟湖和外礁坡。
Abstract：Yongle Blue Hole is located in the Yongle coral atoll in the South China Sea, and is the deepest blue hole in the world. The special geological and physiochemical characteristics shaped the unique ecosystem of Yongle Blue Hole, particularly with the anoxic waters below 90 m. To investigate the phytoplankton community composition and diel vertical distribution, water samples from multiple depths were collected at Yongle Blue Hole, lagoon and outer reef slopes respectively in March, 2017. The results showed that the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in the blue hole showed an obvious diel patter with the maximum chlorophyll a concentration found at 40 m in the daytime(0.42 μg/L) and at 20 m layer in the nighttime(0.59 μg/L). The abundance of picophytoplankton at each sampling depth ranged from 1.1×103 cells/mL to 5.1×104 cells/mL, which peaked at 0 m in the daytime while at 20 m in the nighttime. Among picophytoplankton, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus dominated the upper layer(< 20 m) and layers below 40 m, respectively, while picoeukaryotes were low abundance in the total water column. The diurnal vertical migration of picophytoplankton was obvious, the abundance peaked at 0 m and 20 m at day and night, respectively. For nano-and microphytoplankton, a total of 55 taxa(including uncertain species) from 5 phyla were identified, including Bacillariophyta(25 genera and 34 species), Dinophyta(12 genera and 15 species), Cryptophyta(1 genera and 1 species), Chrysophyta(3 genera) and Cyanophyta(1 genera). The abundance of nano-and microphytoplankton at each sampling depth ranged from 3.3×102 cells/L to 9.8×104 cells/L. The dominant groups were dinoflagellate and diatom, whereas chrysophyta and cyanophyta were dominant in few layers. The diel vertical migration of nanophytoplankton and microphytoplankton was apparent, the abundance which peaked at 40 m in the daytime and at 20 m in the nighttime. The vertical distribution of picophytoplankton, nanophytoplankton and microphytoplankton was in concert with that of size-fractioned chlorophyll a concentration. The number of species and abundance of phytoplankton in Blue hole were significantly higher than those in the lagoon and outer reef slopes.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20180428
中图分类号:Q948.8
引用信息:
[1]葛汝平,傅亮,毕乃双,等.春季西沙永乐龙洞浮游植物的昼夜垂直分布特征[J],2020,50(01):65-73.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20180428.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0601202);; 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(201762038)资助~~
2018-12-24
2018
2019-10-08
2019
2019-01-17
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