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设定3种草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)混养模式:草鱼、鲢和鳙混养(GSB),草鱼、鲢、鳙和凡纳滨对虾混养(GSBL),草鱼、鲢、鳙和鲤混养(GSBC)。于2013年4—9月采集不同混养池塘的上覆水和底泥样品,分析上覆水、表层间隙水及沉积物中各形态碳的含量及相关关系。研究显示:(1)不同混养池塘表层间隙水中DOC和DIC含量显著高于上覆水(P<0.05),DOC和DIC含量在GSB、GSBC组中于8月出现最大值,而在GSBL组中于7月出现最大值;上覆水DOC和DIC含量在不同模式中的变化规律与表层间隙水基本一致。(2)上覆水和表层间隙水中DOC含量整体均表现为GSBC>GSBL>GSB,DIC含量整体均表现为GSBC>GSB>GSBL,各组间的DOC和DIC含量在8月的差异显著(P<0.05);表层沉积物TOC和TIC含量则整体均表现为GSB>GSBL>GSBC,在8、9月各组间TOC差异显著(P<0.05),而6、7月GSB组的TIC显著高于其它2组(P<0.05)。(3)间隙水DOC、DIC和沉积物TOC、TIC垂直分布规律与养殖模式关系密切:总体而言,GSB、GSBL组仅在0~2cm变化明显;GSBC组在02和2~4cm均有明显变化,且2层含量在养殖中后期较接近。(4)上覆水DOC和DIC含量之间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01);上覆水DOC与表层间隙水DOC呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与表层沉积物TOC也呈正相关关系,但相关性不显著;上覆水DIC与表层间隙水DIC呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01),而与表层沉积物TIC呈显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。间隙水及底泥中各形态碳含量的垂直分布特征主要受生物扰动作用的影响,其次是扩散作用。GSBC模式中间隙水及底泥中各形态碳含量受生物扰动作用影响最明显,GSBL模式次之。
Abstract：Overlying water and sediment samples were collected from grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)experimental ponds set at different culture models from April to September,2013.The characteristics of temporal-spatial distribution and correlation of carbon in overlying water,interstitial water of surface layer and sediment were analyzed.Three polyculture systems were studied,which included(1)GSB(grass carp,silver carp Hypophthalmictuthys molitrixand bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis),(2)GSBL(grass carp,silver carp,bighead carp and white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei),and(3)GSBC(grass carp,silver carp,bighead carp and common carp Cyprinus carpio).The results showed that the concentrations of dissolved organic carbons(DOC)and dissolved inorganic carbons(DIC)in the interstitial water of surface layer were significantly higher than those in overlying water(P<0.05).DOC and DIC were all the highest in August for GSB and GSBC,but in July for GSBL.The trend of those in the overlying water was similar to that in the interstitial water of surface layer during farming time.In different culture models,the content of DIC in the interstitial water of surface layer and overlying water ranged from GSBC to GSB and GSBL,and that of DOC from GSBC to GSBL and then to GSB.The contents of DIC and DOC were significantly different among treatments in August(P<0.05).As to total organic carbon(TOC)and total inorganic carbon(TIC)in the sediment of surface layer,the distributions were ranged from GSB to GSBL and then to GSBC.The content of TOC was significantly different among treatments in August and September(P<0.05).And the content of TIC in the GSB were significantly higher than others in June and July(P<0.05).TOC in sediment of surface layer was all the highest in September for three models,but TIC were the lowest in July for GSBL and in August for GSB and GSBC.There was no significantly difference in 2~4cm and 4~7cm for GSB and GSBL,except for GSBC in 2~4cm.The correlation analysis results demonstrated that DOC in overlying water was positively correlated with DIC in overlying water(P<0.01)and DOC in the interstitial water of surface layer(P<0.01),but negatively with TIC in the sediments(P<0.01).In addition,the results demonstrated a positive relationship of DIC in overlying water with that in the interstitial water of surface layer(P<0.01),but a negative relationship with TIC in the sediment of surface layer(P<0.01).Various types of carbon vertical distributions in interstitial water and sediment were mainly affected by bioturbation,followed by the diffusion.The bioturbation was the most significant in GSBC,secondly in GSBL.The reason was that the bioturbation of carp was even deeper than that of shrimp.Grass carp is considered as an economically important aquaculture species in China with the largest production.And reasonable cultivation model is the key to obtain higher economic benefit in grass carp ponds.At present,the study has not been reported on carbon cycle in the grass carp ponds,and this study provided a basis for the further research of carbon cycle in polyculture ponds.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20150013
中图分类号:S964.3
引用信息:
[1]熊莹槐,王芳,陈燕,等.草鱼不同混养模式的上覆水、间隙水及沉积物中各形态碳的分布特[J],2016,46(03):22-30.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20150013.
基金信息:
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014CM042);; 广西海洋生物技术重点实验室开放性课题项目(GLMBT-201402)资助~~