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本研究基于青岛市2005—2019年的气象与空气污染数据,主要分析了青岛市雾、霾天区域分布及其年际、季节和日变化特征与影响因素。结果显示,青岛市自2005—2019年近14年来雾天天数缓慢减少(p<0.1),雾天天数变化和相对湿度变化具有良好的正相关关系(p<0.05)。青岛市各季节霾天天数呈波动变化,在2010—2013年间霾天天数每年均超过100 d, 2008年霾天天数最少,为75 d。雾事件持续时间多为1～2 d,占比为77.5%,而持续时间为1 d的霾事件占60%,持续时间超过3 d的占6.3%。在沿海型站点(市南、大桥三),春夏季雾天天数明显高于秋冬季,过渡型站点(胶南、胶州)和内陆型站点(莱西、平度)则没有该显著差异,暗示了海洋对沿海城市雾天的影响程度。从日变化来看,各站点雾时数的高值主要出现于午夜至早8时,霾时数呈现双峰分布,峰值出现于8:00—12:00和18:00—24:00。相关分析表明,每月雾时数与PM2.5、SO2浓度、相对湿度呈显著正相关,与O3浓度呈显著负相关,而霾时数与PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2和CO浓度呈显著正相关,与O3浓度、气温、相对湿度和气压呈显著负相关。
Abstract：This research investigated the characteristics of interannual, seasonal and diurnal variation of fog and haze days in Qingdao based on meteorological and air pollution data from 2005 to 2019. The areal distribution characteristic and influencing factors of fog and haze events were also analyzed in this study. In past fourteen years(p<0.1), the annual foggy days in Qingdao showed a decreasing trend, along with a significant positive relation with relative humidity(p<0.05). A fluctuating trend of haze days were observed in Qingdao. More than 100 haze days were reported each year from 2010 to 2013, and least haze days of 75 were reported in 2008. Most of the fog event(77.5%) sustained one or two days, while 60% of haze events sustained only one day. However, there was still 6.3% of haze events who kept more than three days. The foggy days in spring and summer were significant more than those in fall and winter in coastal stations(Daqiaosan and Shinan); no signfinicant difference was found in transitional stations(Jiaonan and Jiaozhou) and continental stations(Laixi and Pingdu) between seasons, suggesting the influence of ocean on foggy days in coastal cities. The peaks of foggy days in each station appearred from midnight to eight(Beijing time) consistently; while the haze days reached to the peaks at eight to twelve and eighteen to twenty-four. Significant positive correlation was found between monthly foggy hours and PM2.5, SO2 concentrations, relative humidity; and negative correlation was reported between monthly foggy hours and O3 concentrations. The monthly haze hours were confirmed in positive correlation with PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO concentrations, and in negative correlation with relative humidity and pressure.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:X513
引用信息:
[1]卢一凡,王娇,于铖浩,等.青岛市雾、霾天时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J],2021,51(07):34-45.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(41876125)资助~~
2020-10-30
2020
2020-12-10
2020
2020-12-06
1