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利用海水池塘陆基实验围隔,研究三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)和菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)不同混养系统的养殖效果以及氮(N)和磷(P)的收支和利用率状况。结果表明:(1)适宜的三疣梭子蟹、凡纳滨对虾和菲律宾蛤仔三元混养,能有效提高三疣梭子蟹养殖的综合效益。(2)投喂的饵料(包括对虾配合饲料与蓝蛤(Aloidis laevis))是系统N、P的主要来源,占N总输入量的84.41%~89.75%和P总输入量的96.64%~98.35%;其次为水层中带入的N、P,占N总输入量的7.14%~11.97%和P总输入量的0.39%1.11%。N、P的支出主要为底泥积累,占N总支出量的39.88%~57.17%和P总支出量的35.69%~68.45%;其次为养殖生物收获N、P,占总支出的比例分别为16.86%~32.24%和18.72%~33.55%;N的输出渗漏损失较大,水层积累较少,而P的输出水层积累较多,渗漏损失较少。(3)各处理比较,三元混养PLR3组N的利用率显著提高,比其它处理提高了9.95%~15.80%。综合养殖效果和各系统N、P利用率结果,在本研究条件下,蟹、虾、贝混养最优比例为三疣梭子蟹6ind/m2、凡纳滨对虾45ind/m2、菲律宾蛤仔30~60ind/m2。
Abstract：The budgets of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)were studied with land-based enclosures for various polyculture systems of Portunus trituberculatus,Litopenaeus vannamei and Ruditapes philippinarum.The results showed that the feed was the main nitrogen(accounting for 84.41%~89.75%)and phosphorus(accounting for 96.64%~98.35%)input in the enclosures while the marine water supply provided 7.14% ~11.97% of nitrogen input and 0.39% 1.11% of total phosphorus input.The major output of nitrogen and phosphorus were in the sediments,which accounted for 39.88%~57.17%of the total nitrogen output and 35.69% ~68.45% of total phosphorus output.The biomass harvest compromised 16.86%~32.24%of total nitrogen output and 18.72%~33.55%of total phosphorus output.The highest utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was observed in the treatment PLR3,followed by PLR4.The treatment giving the best culturing benefit was crabs at 6ind/m2,shrimps at 45ind/m2 and clams at 30~60ind/m2.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20140063
中图分类号:S967.4
引用信息:
[1]张凯,田相利,董双林,等.三疣梭子蟹、凡纳滨对虾和菲律宾蛤仔混养系统氮磷收支的研究[J],2015,45(02):44-53.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20140063.
基金信息:
国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B03);; 山东省杰出青年基金项目(JQ201009)资助