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实验室条件下,观察并记录胴背长为8.2~22.9mm的金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)幼体的捕食行为,通过分析不同的捕食行为指标研究金乌贼幼体的捕食能力。研究发现,金乌贼幼体对糠虾的捕食行为分为攻击和摄食两部分,其中攻击行为分为发现、定位和捕捉3个阶段。金乌贼幼体捕食成功率较高,胴背长大于10mm的幼体捕食成功率大于80%。捕食发生次数(FT)、攻击距离(AD)、最大攻击距离(MAD)和总捕食时间(TFT)与胴背长(DML)均呈二次多项式关系,分别为:FT=0.107DML2-0.170DML+3.157,AD=-0.030DML2-1.641DML+3.150,MAD=-0.067DML2+3.226DML-2.682,TFT=-7.947DML2+404.9DML-1079;总捕食量(TFA)与胴背长呈指数关系(TFA=5.254e0.133DML);食饵操纵时间(HT)与胴背长呈幂函数关系(HT=1587DML-0.91)。捕食发生次数、攻击距离、最大攻击距离、总捕食时间和总捕食量随生长而增大,食饵操纵时间随生长而减少,表明金乌贼幼体随生长捕食能力迅速增强。本研究结果丰富了头足类行为生态学理论知识。
Abstract：Cuttlefish is an active predator.Like all known coleoid cephalopods,it feeds on small crustaceans,fish,and shrimps.The feeding ability is vital for cuttlefish to grow and survive,especially for the newly hatched larvae.Aiming to gain the knowledge on the feeding ability of early developing cuttlefish,the feeding behavior of juvenile Sepia esculenta was observed under laboratory conditions.The mantle length of the experimental cuttlefish was 8.2~22.9mm in length.The video camera was used to record the feeding behavior and the indicators of feeding ability.The feeding behavior on prawns consisted of two phases,namely attacking and eating.The sequence of attacking behavior comprised three phases,attention,positioning and seizure.The successful feeding rate of the juvenile cuttlefish with>10mm dorsal mantle length(DML)was relatively high,no less than 80%.The relationship between DML and feeding time(FT),attacking distance(AD),maximum of attacking distance(MAD),total feeding time(TFT)could be described with a quadratic model expressed as FT=0.107DML2-0.170DML+3.157;AD=-0.030DML2-1.641DML+3.150;MAD=-0.067DML2+3.226DML-2.682;and TFT=-7.947DML2+404.9DML-1 079,respectively,while the relationship between DML and total feeding amount(TFA),handling time(HT)with an exponential model expressed as TFA=5.254e0.133 DMLand HT=1 587DML-0.91,respectively.Feeding time,attacking distance,maximum of attacking distance,total feeding time and total feeding amount increased with the growth while handling time decreased with the growth.In conclusion,the successful feeding rate of juvenile cuttlefish was relatively high and the feeding ability rapidly increased with the growth.Because low prey density,high feeding rate and efficient feeding ability is extremely vital for cuttlefish to survive wild,the relationship between DML and TFA provides the evidence for suitable feeding.The results obtained in present study would enrich the knowledge of the ethology and ecology of cephalopods.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20130194
中图分类号:S917.4
引用信息:
[1]雷舒涵,张秀梅,张沛东,等.金乌贼幼体捕食行为及捕食能力的研究[J],2016,46(04):37-42.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20130194.
基金信息:
国家海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201405010;201305043)资助~~