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大气沉降能够为上层海洋提供氮、磷、铁等物质,进而影响海洋生物地球化学循环、海洋初级生产过程和碳封存能力。近几十年来,海洋大气沉降研究一直为大气-海洋交叉领域的研究热点之一,但仍存在诸多问题需要深化认识。本文从大气沉降物质的生物可利用性、大气沉降的营养物质和金属元素供给与海洋初级生产过程响应等方面阐述了海洋大气沉降研究面临的主要挑战。近年来的研究表明:(1)大气沉降对海洋初级生产的影响并不决定于沉降物质的总量,而是溶解态物质的入海量;(2)大气沉降对海洋的影响体现为营养物质和金属元素供给的多样性和海洋初级生产响应的多样性;(3)大气沉降可分为直接大气沉降和间接大气沉降,它们对近海水质的影响不可忽视。本文最后指出,未来的海洋大气沉降研究需围绕以下两个核心命题:(1)大气沉降如何影响近海富营养化过程?包括定量大气沉降对主要海水水质指标的影响;(2)大气沉降如何改变海洋储碳能力、缓解气候变暖?包括定量自然物质和人为物质加富的海洋"施肥"过程的负效应。
Abstract:Atmospheric deposition can provide nitrogen, phosphorus, iron etc. for the upper ocean, and then affect marine biogeochemical cycles, primary production and carbon storage capacity. In recent decades,although the study of atmospheric deposition over the ocean has been one of the hotspots in the field of atmosphere-ocean intersection, there are still many problems that need to be further understood. In this study, we introduced the main challenges related to atmospheric deposition over the ocean from the following three aspects: the bioavailability of deposited substances, the supply of atmospheric deposition and the response of marine primary production. Recent studies have shown that:(1) the impact of atmospheric deposition on marine primary production is closely related to the amount of dissolved substances, rather than that of total deposited substances;(2) such impact is reflected in the diversity of supply of nutrients and metal elements,as well as that of response of marine primary production;(3) atmospheric deposition can be divided into two types: direct deposition and indirect deposition, and their effects on coastal water quality cannot be ignored. Finally, it is pointed out that the future study of marine atmospheric deposition should focus on the following two core propositions:(1) how dose atmospheric deposition affect the process of eutrophication in coastal waters? Of which it is necessary to quantize the influence of atmospheric deposition on the main seawater quality indexes;(2) how does atmospheric deposition change marine carbon storage capacity and alleviate climate warming? Of which it is important to quantize the side effects of natural and artificial substance fertilizations on the ocean.
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基本信息:
DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20190304
中图分类号:P732
引用信息:
[1]高会旺,张潮.海洋大气沉降研究面临的挑战[J],2019,49(10):1-9.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20190304.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(41876125);; 国家重大科学研究计划项目(2014CB953701)资助~~
2019-09-02
2019
2019-09-20
2019-10-21
2019
1