| 697 | 19 | 284 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
麻痹性贝毒(Paralytic shellfish toxins, PST)是一类分布广、危害大的海洋毒素。滤食性双壳贝类在摄食、消化产毒单胞藻和细菌等过程中积累代谢PST,并通过食物链进行传递,给人类生命健康和水产业带来不利影响。随着贝类基础生物学和养殖产业的发展,以及基因组学和毒素检测技术的不断进步,近年来,各国学者对贝类吸收、转运和代谢PST的规律有了更深入的认识,为养殖贝类食品安全风险防控提供了理论参考。为更全面了解贝类积累和利用PST的研究进展,本文从PST在双壳贝类中的分布、积累转化特征与分子机制等方面进行了综述。
Abstract:Paralytic shellfish toxins(PSTs) are wide-spread and potent marine toxins. Filter-feeding bivalves accumulate and metabolize PSTs through ingestion of PST producing algae and bacteria, and passes them through the food chain, which brings about adverse effects on both human health and aquaculture. With the development of shellfish biology, shellfish aquaculture, and the techniques of genomics and PST detection, our understandings of PST absorption, transportation and metabolism are more deepened, which provides theoretical support for the food safety risk prevention in shellfish aquaculture industry. This review summarizes the progress of research on PST distribution, accumulation and transformation in bivalves.
[1]Trainer V L,Moore S K,Hallegraeff G,et al.Pelagic harmful algal blooms and climate change:Lessons from nature's experiments with extremes[J].Harmful Algae,2019,91:101591.
[2]Farabegoli F,Rodríguez L P,Vieites J M,et al.Phycotoxins in marine shellfish:Origin,occurrence and effects on humans[J].Marine Drugs,2018,16(6):188.
[3]Grattan L M,Holobaugh S,Morris J G.Harmful algal blooms and public health[J].Harmful Algae,2016,57:2-8.
[4]Peacock M B,Gibble C M,Senn D B,et al.Blurred lines:multiple freshwater and marine algal toxins at the land-sea interface of San Francisco Bay,California[J].Harmful Algae,2018,73:138-147.
[5]Etheridge S M.Paralytic shellfish poisoning:Seafood safety and human health perspectives[J].Toxicon,2010,56(2):108-122.
[6]Llewellyn L E.Saxitoxin,a toxic marine natural product that targets a multitude of receptors[J].Natural Product Reports,2006,23(2):200-222.
[7]James K J,Carey B,O'halloran J,et al.Shellfish toxicity:Human health implications of marine algal toxins[J].Epidemiology and Infection,2010,138(7):927-940.
[8]Gainey L G,Shumway S E.A compendium of the responses of bivalve molluscs to toxic dinoflagellates[J].Journal of Shellfish Research,1988,7:623-628.
[9]Tan K S,Ransangan J.Factors influencing the toxicity,detoxification and biotransformation of paralytic shellfish toxins[J].Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2015,235:1-25.
[10]Bricelj V M,Shumway S E.Paralytic shellfish toxins in bivalve molluscs:Occurrence,transfer kinetics,and biotransformation[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,1998,6(4):315-383.
[11]Lefebvre K A,Bill B D,Erickson A,et al.Characterization of intracellular and extracellular saxitoxin levels in both field and cultured Alexandrium spp.samples from Sequim Bay,Washington[J].Marine Drugs,2008,6(2):103-116.
[12]Oshima Y,Blackburn S I,Hallegraeff G M.Comparative study on paralytic shellfish toxin profiles of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatumfrom three different countries[J].Marine Biology,1993,116(3):471-476.
[13]Usup G,Kulis D M,Anderson D M.Growth and toxin production of the toxic dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense var.compressum in laboratory cultures[J].Natural Toxins,1994,2(5):254-262.
[14]Carmichael W W,Evans W R,Yin Q Q,et al.Evidence for paralytic shellfish poisons in the freshwater cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei (Farlow ex Gomont)comb.nov[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1997,63(8):3104-3110.
[15]Lagos N,Onodera H,Zagatto P A,et al.The first evidence of paralytic shellfish toxins in the fresh water cyanobacteriumCylindrospermopsis raciborskii,isolated from Brazil[J].Toxicon,1999,37(10):1359-1373.
[16]Mohamed Z A.Potentially harmful microalgae and algal blooms in the Red Sea:Current knowledge and Research needs[J].Marine Environmental Research,2018,140:234-242.
[17]Yao J,Jin W,Li D,et al.Geographical distribution and seasonal variation in paralytic shellfish toxins in the coastal water of the South China Sea[J].Toxicon,2019,168:67-75.
[18]Yoshida T,Sako Y,Uchida A.Geographic differences in paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin profiles among Japanese populations of Alexandrium tamarense and A.catenella (Dinophyceae)[J].Phycological research,2001,49(1):13-21.
[19]Franco J M,Fernández,P,Reguera B.The toxin profiles of natural populations and cultures of Alexandrium minutum Halim from Galician coastal waters[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1994,6(3):275-279.
[20]Arzul G,Seguel M,Guzman L,et al.Comparison of allelopathic properties in three toxic Alexandrium species[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,1999,232(2):285-295.
[21]Wiese M,D'agostino P M,Mihali T K,et al.Neurotoxic alkaloids:Saxitoxin and its analogs[J].Marine Drugs,2010,8(7):2185-2211.
[22]Minowa T,Cho Y,Oshima Y,et al.Identification of a novel saxitoxin analogue,12beta-Deoxygonyautoxin 3,in the Cyanobacterium,Anabaena circinalis (TA04)[J].Toxins,2019,11(9):539.
[23]Negri A,Stirling D,Quilliam M,et al.Three novel hydroxybenzoate saxitoxin analogues isolated from the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum[J].Chemical Research in Toxicology,2003,16(8):1029-1033.
[24]Onodera H,Satake M,Oshima Y,et al.New saxitoxin analogues from the freshwater filamentous cyanobacteriumLyngbya wollei[J].Natural Toxins,1997,5(4):146-151.
[25]Vale P.Complex profiles of hydrophobic paralytic shellfish poisoning compounds in Gymnodinium catenatumidentified by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2008,1195(1-2):85-93.
[26]黄爱君,黄海燕,刘建军.麻痹性和腹泻性贝类毒素的检测方法研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2010(1):84-86.Huang A J,Huang H Y,Liu J J.Research progress on detection methods of paralytic and diarrhoeal shellfish toxins[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2010(1):84-86.
[27]张杭君,张建英.麻痹性贝毒素的毒理效应及检测技术[J].海洋环境科学,2003(4):76-80.Zhang H J,Zhang J Y.Toxicological effect and detection technology of paralytic shellfish toxin[J].Marine Environmental Science,2003(4):76-80.
[28]汤云瑜,黄冬梅,蔡友琼.麻痹性贝类毒素检测技术研究[J].农产品质量与安全,2020,108(6):30-35.Tang Y Y,Huang D M,Cai Y Q.Detection of paralytic shellfish toxins[J].Quality and Safety of Agro-Products,2020,108(6):30-35.
[29]Negri A P,Jones G J.Bioaccumulation of paralytic shellfish poisoning(PSP)toxins from the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis by the freshwater mussel Alathyria condola[J].Toxicon,1995,33(5):667-678.
[30]Kwong R W,Wang W X,Lam P K,et al.The uptake,distribution and elimination of paralytic shellfish toxins in mussels and fish exposed to toxic dinoflagellates[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2006,80(1):82-91.
[31]Bing X F,Wu H Y,Wang Q,et al.Metabolic profile of paralytic shellfish toxin in scallop Chlamys farreri[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24:623-632.
[32]朱明远,邹迎麟,吴荣军,等.栉孔扇贝体内麻痹性贝毒的累积与排出过程研究[J].海洋学报(中文版),2003,25(2):75-83.Zhu M Y,Zou Y L,Wu R J,et al.Accumulation and depuration of paralytic shellfish poisons(PSP)in Chinese scallop Chlamys farreri[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2003,25(2):75-83.
[33]Haya K,Martin J L,Robinson S,et al.Does uptake of Alexandrium fundyense cysts contribute to the levels of PSP toxin found in the sea scallop,Placopecten magellanicus?[J].Harmful Algae,2003,2(1):75-81.
[34]Xie W,Liu X,Yang X,et al.Accumulation and depuration of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in the oyster Ostrea rivularis Gould-Chitosan facilitates the toxin depuration[J].Food Control,2013,30(2):446-452.
[35]Mizuta M,Yamada K,Takata K,et al.Differences of accumulation and elimination of paralytic shellfish poisons among oyster,mussel and scallop[J].Food Hygiene and Safety Science,1991,40(1):19-22.
[36]Takata K,Seno M,Toukubo Y,et al.Differences in accumulation and elimination of paralytic shellfish toxins among oyster,scallop and mussel[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2004,70(4):598-606.
[37]Samsur M,Yamaguchi Y,Sagara T,et al.Accumulation and depuration profiles of PSP toxins in the short-necked clam Tapes japonicafed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella[J].Toxicon,2006,48(3):323-330.
[38]Asakawa M,Beppu R,Tsubota M,et al.Paralytic shellfish poison(PSP)profiles and toxification of short-necked clams fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense[J].Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi,2005,46(6):251-255.
[39]Li S C,Wang W X,Hsieh D.Feeding and absorption of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense by two marine bivalves from the South China Sea[J].Marine Biology,2001,139(4):617-624.
[40]Lassus P,Fremy J M,Ledoux M,et al.Patterns of experimental contamination by Protogonyaulax tamarensis in some French commercial shellfish[J].Toxicon Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology,1989,27(12):1313-1321.
[41]Shumway S E,Cembella A D.The impact of toxic algae on scallop culture and fisheries[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,1993,1(2):121-150.
[42]Kvitek R G,Beitler M K.Relative insensitivity of butter clam neurons to saxitoxin:A pre-adaptation for sequestering paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins as a chemical defense[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1991,69(1):47-54.
[43]Navarro J M,Contreras A M.An integrative response by Mytilus chilensis to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella[J].Marine Biology,2010,157(9):1967-1974.
[44]Basti L,Nagai K,Shimasaki Y,et al.Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama on the valve movement behaviour of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum[J].Aquaculture,2009,291(1-2):41-47.
[45]Pereira P,Dias E,Franca S,et al.Accumulation and depuration of cyanobacterial paralytic shellfish toxins by the freshwater mussel Anodonta cygnea[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2004,68(4):339-350.
[46]Cembella A D,Lewis N I,Shumway S E.Anatomical distribution and spatio-temporal variation in paralytic shellfish toxin composition in two bivalve species from the Gulf of Maine[J].Journal of Shellfish Research,1993,12(2):389-403.
[47]Song T,Liu L,Song X,et al.Depuration of paralytic shellfish toxins in Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)in natural environment[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2015,34(12):170-174.
[48]田华,张晓红,高春蕾,等.麻痹性贝毒在栉孔扇贝体内短期的累积与排出过程[J].海洋环境科学,2010(4):21-524.Tian H,Zhang X H,Gao C L,et al.Short term accumulation and excretion of paralytic shellfish poison in Chlamys farreri[J].Marine Environmental Science,2010(4):521-524.
[49]Cembella A D,Shumway S E,Larocque R.Sequestering and putative biotransformation of paralytic shellfish toxins by the sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus:Seasonal and spatial scales in natural populations[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1994,180(1):1-22.
[50]Garcia C,Perez F,Contreras C,et al.Saxitoxins and okadaic acid group:Accumulation and distribution in invertebrate marine vectors from Southern Chile[J].Food Additives&Contaminants Part A,Chemistry,Analysis,Control,Exposure&Risk Assessment,2015,32(6):984-1002.
[51]Choi M C,Hsieh D,Lam P,et al.Field depuration and biotransformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in scallop Chlamys nobilis and green-lipped mussel Perna viridis[J].Marine Biology,2003,143(5):927-934.
[52]Bricelj V M,Lee J H,Cembella A D,et al.Uptake kinetics of paralytic shellfish toxins from the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense in the mussel Mytilus edulis[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1990,63(2):177-188.
[53]Bricelj V,Cembella A,Laby D M,et al.Comparative physiological and behavioral responses to PSP toxins in two bivalve molluscs,the softshell clam,Mya arenaria,and surfclam,Spisula solidissima[M]//Harmful&Toxic Algal Blooms.London:Informa Healthcare,1996.
[54]Li Y,Sun X,Hu X,et al.Scallop genome reveals molecular adaptations to semi-sessile life and neurotoxins[J].Nature Communications,2017,8(1):1721.
[55]Liu Y,Kong F Z,Xun X G,et al.Biokinetics and biotransformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in different tissues of Yesso scallops,Patinopecten yessoensis[J].Chemosphere,2020,261:128063.
[56]Lian S,Zhao L,Xun X,et al.Genome-wide identification and characterization of SODs in Zhikong scallop reveals gene expansion and regulation divergence after toxic dinoflagellate exposure[J].Marine Drugs,2019,17(12):700.
[57]Lou J,Cheng J,Xun X,et al.Glutathione S-transferase genes in scallops and their diverse expression patterns after exposure to PST-producing dinoflagellates[J].Marine Life Science&Technology,2020,2(3):252-261.
[58]Hlaing S,Lou J,Cheng J,et al.Tissue-biased and species-specific regulation of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx)genes in scallops exposed to toxic dinoflagellates[J].Toxins,2020,13(1):21.
[59]Cheng J,Xun X,Kong Y,et al.Hsp70 gene expansions in the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and their expression regulation after exposure to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2016,58:266-273.
[60]Hu B,Li M,Yu X,et al.Diverse expression regulation of Hsp70genes in scallops after exposure to toxic Alexandrium dinoflagellates[J].Chemosphere,2019,234:62-69.
[61]Nú珘nez-Acu珘na G,Aballay A E,Hégaret H,et al.Transcriptional responses of Mytilus chilensis exposed in vivo to saxitoxin(STX)[J].Journal of Molluscan Studies,2013,79(4):323-331.
[62]Detree C,Nunez-Acuna G,Roberts S,et al.Uncovering the complex transcriptome response of Mytilus chilensis against saxitoxin:Implications of harmful algal blooms on mussel populations[J].Plos One,2016,11(10):e0165231.
[63]Mat A M,Klopp C,Payton L,et al.Oyster transcriptome response to Alexandrium exposure is related to saxitoxin load and characterized by disrupted digestion,energy balance,and calcium and sodium signaling[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2018,199:127-137.
[64]Botelho M J,Vale C,Ferreira J G.Profiles of paralytic shellfish toxins in bivalves of low and elevated toxicities following exposure to Gymnodinium catenatum blooms in Portuguese estuarine and coastal waters[J].Chemosphere,2015,138:1028-1036.
[65]Xun X,Cheng J,Wang J,et al.Solute carriers in scallop genome:Gene expansion and expression regulation after exposure to toxic dinoflagellate[J].Chemosphere,2020,241:124968.
[66]Wang H,Liu S,Xun X,et al.Toxin-and species-dependent regulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC)transporters in scallops after exposure to paralytic shellfish toxin-producing dinoflagellates[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2021,230:105697.
[67]Blanco J,Ma I R,Franco J.Kinetics of accumulation and transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis[J].Toxicon Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology,2003,42(7):777-784.
[68]Yu K N,Kwong R,Wang W X,et al.Biokinetics of paralytic shellfish toxins in the green-lipped mussel,Perna viridis[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007,54(7):1068-1071.
[69]Onoue Y,Noguchi T,Maruyama J,et al.Comparison of PSPcompositions between toxic oysters and Protogonyaulax catenella from Senzaki Bay,Yamaguchi Prefecture[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1981,47(10):1347-1350.
[70]Oshima Y,Hasegawa M,Yasumoto T,et al.Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatumas the source of paralytic shellfish toxins in Tasmanian shellfish[J].Toxicon Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology,1987,25(10):1105-1111.
[71]Lassus P,Amzil Z,Baron R,et al.Modelling the accumulation of PSP toxins in Thau Lagoon oysters(Crassostrea gigas)from trials using mixed cultures of Alexandrium catenellaand Thalassiosira weissflogii[J].Aquatic Living Resources,2007,20(1):59-67.
[72]Sullivan J J,Iwaoka W T,Liston J.Enzymatic transformation of PSP toxins in the littleneck clam (Protothaca staminea)[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,1983,114(2):465-472.
[73]Murakami R,Yamamoto K,Noguchi T.Toxicity and paralytic shellfish poison composition of three species of bivalves collected in Ibaraki Prefecture,Japan[J].Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan,2009,40(1):46-54.
[74]Botelho M J,Vale C,Grilo R V,et al.Uptake and release of paralytic shellfish toxins by the clam Ruditapes decussatus exposed to Gymnodinium catenatum and subsequent depuration[J].Marine Environmental Research,2012,77:23-29.
[75]Botelho M J,Marques F,Freitas R,et al.Paralytic shellfish toxin profiles in mussel,cockle and razor shell under post-bloom natural conditions:Evidence of higher biotransformation in razor shells and cockles[J].Marine Environmental Research,2020,154:104839.
[76]Contreras A M,Marsden I D,Munro M.Physiological effects and biotransformation of PSP Toxins in the New Zealand scallop,Pecten novaezelandiae[J].Journal of Shellfish Research,2012,31(4):1151-1159.
[77]Asakawa M,Beppu R,Ito K,et al.Accumulation of paralytic shellfish poison(PSP)and biotransformation of its components in oysters,Crassostrea gigas,fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense[J].Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan,2006,47(1):28-32.
[78]Medina-Elizalde J,García-Mendoza E,Turner A D,et al.Transformation and depuration of paralytic shellfish toxins in the geoduck clam Panopea globosa from the northern gulf of California[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2018,5:335.
[79]Artigas M L,Vale P J,Gomes S S,et al.Profiles of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish from Portugal explained by carbamoylase activity[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1160(1-2):99-105.
[80]Cho Y,Ogawa N,Takahashi M,et al.Purification and characterization of paralytic shellfish toxin-transforming enzyme,sulfocarbamoylase I,from the Japanese bivalve Peronidia venulosa[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2008,1784(9):1277-1285.
[81]Lin H P,Cho Y,Yashiro H,et al.Purification and characterization of paralytic shellfish toxin transforming enzyme from Mactra chinensis[J].Toxicon,2004,44(6):657-668.
[82]Dell'aversano C,Walter J A,Burton I W,et al.Isolation and structure elucidation of new and unusual saxitoxin analogues from mussels[J].Journal of Natural Products,2008,71(9):1518-1523.
[83]Vale P.Metabolites of saxitoxin analogues in bivalves contaminated by Gymnodinium catenatum[J].Toxicon,2010,55(1):162-165.
[84]Li A,Ma J,Cao J,et al.Analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins and their metabolites in shellfish from the North Yellow Sea of China[J].Food Additives&Contaminants:Part A,2012,29(9):1455-1464.
[85]Che Y,Ding L,Qiu J,et al.Conversion and stability of new metabolites of paralytic shellfish toxins under different temperature and pH conditions[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2020,68(5):1427-1435.
[86]Lassus P,Bardouil M,Ledoux M,et al.Role of the kidneys in bioaccumulation of paralytic toxins by scallop(Pecten maximus)tissues[J].Journal of Natural Toxins,1996,5(1):107-115.
[87]Lu Y H,Hwang D F.Effects of toxic dinoflagellates and toxin biotransformation in bivalves[J].Journal of Natural Toxins,2002,11(4):315-322.
[88]Fast M D,Cembella A D,Ross N W.In vitro transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in the clams Mya arenaria and Protothaca staminea[J].Harmful Algae,2006,5(1):79-90.
[89]Shimizu Y,Yoshioka M.Transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins as demonstrated in scallop homogenates[J].Science,1981,212(4494):547-549.
[90]Costa S T,Vale C,Raimundo J,et al.Changes of paralytic shellfish toxins in gills and digestive glands of the cockle Cerastoderma edule under post-bloom natural conditions[J].Chemosphere,2016,149:351-357.
[91]Oshima Y.Chemical and Enzymatic Transformation of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Marine Organisms[M].Paris:Harmful Marine Algal Blooms,1995,53(2):475-480.
[92]Ding L,Qiu J B,Li A F.Proposed biotransformation pathways for new metabolites of paralytic shellfish toxins based on field and experimental mussel samples[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2017,65(27):5494-5502.
[93]Raposo M,Gomes M,Botelho M J,et al.Paralytic shellfish toxins(PST)-transforming enzymes:A review[J].Toxins,2020,12(5):344.
[94]Choi M C,Yu P K,Hsieh D P,et al.Trophic transfer of paralytic shellfish toxins from clams(Ruditapes philippinarum)to gastropods(Nassarius festivus)[J].Chemosphere,2006,64(10):1642-1649.
[95]Asakawa M,Miyazawa K,Takayama H,et al.Dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense as the source of paralytic shellfish poison(PSP)contained in bivalves from Hiroshima Bay,Hiroshima Prefecture,Japan[J].Toxicon,1995,33(5):691-697.
[96]Murakami R,Yamamoto K,Noguchi T.Difference in PSP composition among various parts of surf clam[J].Food Hygiene&Safety Science,1999,40(1):55-61.
[97]Chen C Y,Chou H N.Accumulation and depuration of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by purple clam Hiatula rostrata Lighttoot[J].Toxicon,2001,39(7):1029-1034.
[98]Tian H,Gao C,Wang Z,et al.Comparative study on in vitro transformation of paralytic shellfish poisoning(PSP)toxins in different shellfish tissues[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2010,29(1):120-126.
[99]Kotaki Y.Screening of bacteria which convert gonyautoxin 2,3to Saxitoxin[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1989,55(7):1293.
[100]Sakamoto S,Sato S,Ogata T,et al.Formation of intermediate conjugates in the reductive transformation of gonyautoxins to saxitoxins by thiol compounds[J].Fisheries Science,2010,66(1):136-141.
[101]Donovan C J,Ku J C,Quilliam M A,et al.Bacterial degradation of paralytic shellfish toxins[J].Toxicon,2008,52(1):91-100.
[102]Smith E A,Grant F,Ferguson C M,et al.Biotransf
基本信息:
DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20210159
中图分类号:S944
引用信息:
[1]包振民,孔令玲,史姣霞,等.双壳贝类积累转化麻痹性贝毒的研究进展[J],2021,51(10):1-11.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20210159.
基金信息:
国家重点研究发展计划项目(2019YFC1605704);; 山东省泰山产业领军人才项目(tscy2018116)资助~~
2021-04-09
2021
2021-05-02
2021-05-07
2021
1