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本文旨在查明目前黄河口水域鱼类浮游生物的种类组成和数量变化,为进一步研究鱼类资源早期补充、种群动态以及制定合理的渔业资源养护措施提供基础资料。根据2013年8月、2014年5月在黄河口及其邻近水域进行的鱼卵、仔稚鱼的调查数据,研究了该水域5、8月鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布,分析了鱼卵、仔稚鱼优势种数量分布与水温、盐度等环境因子的关系。研究表明,本次调查获得鱼卵25 613粒,隶属于12科13属15种(未定种1种);仔稚鱼369尾,隶属于4科7属9种(未定种1种)。5月鱼卵优势种为日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa chefuensis)和斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus),密集区分布在黄河口北部近岸海域,分布在密集区的种类以日本鳀和赤鼻棱鳀为主;8月鱼卵优势种为短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama),其鱼卵主要集中分布于北部近岸海域,南部水域的部分站位也有鱼卵密集,密集区内的种类以短吻红舌鳎和多鳞鱚为主。5月仔稚鱼优势种为矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和赤鼻棱鳀等,仔稚鱼主要集中分布于黄河口南部海域,密集区以赤鼻棱鳀和矛尾虾虎鱼为主;8月仔稚鱼数量极少,无明显优势种。Pearson相关分析表明,除5月赤鼻棱鳀鱼卵数量与表层水温呈显著正相关外,其他优势种鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量与表层水温、表层盐度均无显著相关性。与历史同期调查结果相比,该水域5、8月鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成和数量分布均发生了一定的变化。带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和鳓(Ilisha elongate)等传统经济鱼类的鱼卵、仔稚鱼少见,以日本鳀、赤鼻棱鳀和斑鰶等小型中上层鱼类为主要优势种;黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangeri)等鱼卵、仔稚鱼密度低。
Abstract：This study aimed to evaluate the status of ichthyoplan kton in Yellow River Estuary to support further studies on recruitment,population dynamics and conservation of fish resources.Based on the data collected from the surveys in August,2013 and May,2014 in Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters,we examined the species composition and spatiotemporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae and their relationship with environmental factors.We identified 25,613 eggs belonging to 15 species,13genera and 12 families with one species unidentified.As for the larvae,369 larvae of fishes consisted of 10 species in 7genera and 5families with one species unidentified.The dominant species varied among sampling seasons.The eggs of Engraulis japonicas,Thryssa chefuensis and Konosirus punctatus dominated in May,and the density of fish eggs was high in the northern coastal waters of Yellow River Estuary,where Engraulis japonicas and Thryssa chefuensis were prevalent;in August,fish eggs were dominated by Cynoglossus joyneri and Sillago sihama,which highly concentrated in the northern and southern coastal waters of Yellow River Estuary.In May,the larval species were dominated by Chaeturichthys stigmatias and Thryssa chefuensis,and they aggregated in the southern area of Yellow River Estuary;whereas,the abundance of larvae was extremely low in August in which no obvious dominant larva was found.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of Thryssa chefuensis eggs was positively correlated with sea surface temperature,whereas there was no significant correlation between the abundances of other dominant species,surface temperature and salinity.Compared with historical studies,substantial change has occurred in species composition and distribution of fish eggs and larvae in spring and summer in Yellow River Estuary.The dominant fish species of eggs and larvae were some small pelagic fish species,such as Engraulis japonicas,Thryssa chefuensis and Konosirus punctatus in Yellow River Estuary.However,the eggs and larvae for the traditionally important fish species including Trichiurus lepturus,Larimichthys polyactis,Scomberomorus niphonius and Ilisha elongate were scarce.The density of fish eggs,such as Nibea albiflora and Johnius belangeri,was lower than that observed before.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20160023
中图分类号:S931.1
引用信息:
[1]秦雪,张崇良,肖欢欢,等.黄河口水域春、夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成和数量分布[J],2017,47(07):46-55.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20160023.
基金信息:
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303050)资助~~