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海底沉积物-水界面溶解甲烷渗漏不仅是海底天然气水合物的存在标志和分解释放途径,也是冷泉生物群落的物质和能量来源,因其对海洋环境乃至全球变化的可能重要影响而日益引起人们关注,而海底原位观测及渗漏甲烷通量估算是理解上述问题的关键。目前国际上有两种较为成熟的海底甲烷通量观测方法:1流体渗漏速率原位测量配以室内甲烷浓度分析;2底栖室流体连续取样配以室内甲烷浓度分析,前者能灵敏反应冷泉渗漏速率的时序变化,而后者具有较高的甲烷通量测量准确度。随着甲烷传感器技术的发展,原位测量方法将大大提高甲烷通量测量精度、时间和分辨率。在可移动式观测平台上搭载甲烷传感器,同时进行近海底界面微尺度甲烷浓度梯度测量和湍流观测,不仅能够精细刻画近海底甲烷浓度变化、渗漏通量变化,并且非封闭环境能够最大限度地避免沉积物-水界面遭受扰动,使观测数据更接近海底真实环境,这成为未来海底原位观测的主要发展方向之一。除此之外,特征冷泉生物群落的分布已被广泛应用于将个别测量站位的观测结果扩展到整个区域的甲烷渗漏流量估算。目前,国外学者已经对部分典型海底冷泉区进行了渗漏甲烷通量估算,发现每个渗漏系统每年通过溶解形式向海水释放甲烷量约为6×1031.35×107 mol,并且甲烷渗漏在时间上和空间上都是多变的,但还没能将单个冷泉系统的通量估算延伸到更大的时空尺度,这成为深入研究海底甲烷储库及其在全球碳循环和气候变化中的作用的瓶颈之一。
Abstract：Dissolved methane Seepage across the sediment-water interface is not only sign of the seabed gas hydrate,but also the release pathway of its decomposition.Due to its impact on marine environment and global change,the attention of people is increasing.The in situ and flux estimation are the keys to understanding the science problem above.There are two mature observation methods:1 measurements of seepage flow rate,with the indoor analysis of methane concentration;2continuous sampling techniques in benthic chamber,with the indoor analysis of methane concentration,the former is sensitive to changes in seepage rate,while the latter has a higher accuracy.With the development of methane sensor technology,in-situ measurement methods will improve the accuracy of flux measurements,the time span and temporal resolution greatly.Methane sensor can be mounted on a mobile observation platform,measure the micro scale profile of methane concentration and the turbulence at the same time in the benthic boundary layer,not only can characterize the fine changes in the methane concentration and seepage flux,but in opened environments can minimize the disturbance and the chemical changes.In addition,cold seep species have been widely used to extend the measurement of individual stations to the whole seep system.Researchers have studied on the seepage fluxes of several cold seep system,in one single system,nearly 6×1031.35×107 mol methane was released by dissolved form per year,and seepage changes with time and space greatly.Currently,it is hard to extend the flux of a single system to a long time spat or greater regional,becoming one of the bottlenecks in the research on methane reservoir,the global carbon cycle and climate change.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.2014.12.011
中图分类号:P734;P736.4
引用信息:
[1]赵广涛,徐翠玲,张晓东,等.海底沉积物-水界面溶解甲烷渗漏通量原位观测研究进展[J],2014,44(12):73-81.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.2014.12.011.
基金信息:
国家海洋地质调查专项资助