为深入了解海岸带湿地景观演变过程和演变原因,对其进行有效保护和合理开发利用,以3个时期多光谱遥感影像和1个时期江苏省盐城市植被分布图为数据基础,结合现场调查数据,进行了研究区海岸带湿地景观演变分析并探讨了其变化的原因。研究结果表明:盐城海岸带湿地在近30a(1980-2008年)间,自然湿地(河口水域、盐蒿滩、芦苇沼泽、互花米草滩)的面积呈不断减小趋势,人工湿地(养殖水域、盐田)、建设用地和耕地面积则呈不断增长趋势,湿地景观演替方向总体上表现为自然湿地向人工湿地转移占主导,自然湿地之间的相互演替速度较缓慢,大面积自然湿地已消失且单个湿地景观斑块面积变小、形状趋于简单化,景观破碎化逐年加剧。造成这一结果的原因是人类活动与自然因素的综合作用,尤其是人口增长、经济利益驱使等,使人类对湿地的干扰力度不断增强,湿地围垦成为盐城海岸带湿地演变的主要原因。

For the purpose of understanding of the coastal wetland landscape evolution process and evolution reason,and carrying on the effective protection and reasonable utilization,based on the data of multi-spectral remote sensing images in three periods and one vegetation map of study area in one period that combined with on-site survey data,we made a measurement and evolution analysis of Yancheng coastalzone wetlands landscape area and gave the reasons that the wetlands landscape had changed in Jiangsu province.The results show that in the recent 30 a(between 1980—2008),the area of natural wetlands(estuarine water,salt artemisia beach,reed,Spartina alterniflora Loisel) had reduced gradually;and the area of artificial wetlands(shrimp ponds,salt-fields),building land and cultivated land have increased gradually.The evolution of natural wetlands to artificial wetlands which is dominated becomes the trend of landscape evolution.The succession of natural wetlands is in a slower pace,and a large number of natural wetlands disappear.Plaque area of wetlands become smaller and the shapes tended to simplify which lead to the increase of landscape fragmentation year by year.Reasons for this result are human activities and natural factors,especially economic interests,the population growth and so on.The intensity of human disturbance on wetlands increases,and wetlands reclamation becomes the most powerful evolution reason for Yancheng coastal wetlands.