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本文利用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)、可见光/红外辐射成像仪(VIIRS)可见光卫星云图，对2017—2021年发生在大西洋和印度洋上的118个“射线状”云个例进行了统计分析，利用天气研究和预报模式(Weather research and forecasting model, WRF),对2019年7月8日南大西洋上空的“射线状”云个例进行了水平分辨率为1 km的模拟研究，分析了云凝结核浓度、气温、垂直运动速度、水汽混合比的垂直结构和水汽的水平分布。研究结论显示：“射线状”云是一种主要发生在低纬度地区的中尺度天气现象，且就大西洋和印度洋海域而言，多发生于南半球大洋上空，北半球夏季和秋季是“射线状”云的频发季节；每个“射线状”云臂单体出现处均对应有不同程度的上升运动，“射线状”云是具有对流性质的云；大气逆温层会限制云向高处发展，使得水汽被限制在逆温层高度以下，大范围的逆温层是塑造“射线状”云形态的重要因素。
Abstract：In this paper a total of 118 Actinoform Clouds over the Atlantic and Indian Oceans from 2017 to 2021 were statistically analyzed by using satellite visible cloud imagery provided by MODIS sensors and VIIRS sensors. WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) model was also employed to investigate an Actinoform Cloud case over the South Atlantic on 8 July, 2019 by using horizontal resolution of 1 km modeling results. The vertical structures of cloud condensation nuclei, air temperature, vertical velocity, water vapor mixing ratio and horizontal distribution of water vapor mixing ratio of the Actinoform Clouds were analyzed based on WRF modeling results. Actinoform Cloud is a meso-scale weather phenomenon mainly occurring over low-latitude region and mostly occurring over the Southern Hemisphere Oceans. Summer and autumn are seasons of frequent occurrence of Actinoform Clouds over the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. WRF modeling results show that each cloud arm of Actinoform Clouds corresponds to varying degrees of upward motion, and Actinoform Cloud is a convective cloud in nature. Atmospheric inversion layer will limit the higher development of cloud top, and water vapor is confined below the inversion layer. The wider inversion layer is an important factor for shaping the structure of Actinoform Cloud.
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① 模式的垂直分层为1 000、994.7、989.5、984.3、979、973.9、968.4、962.6、956.4、949.8、942.6、934.8、926.2、916.7、906.2、894.6、881.6、874.4、867.1、860、850.9、843.7、836.5、829.3、822.1、814.9、807.7、790.9、766.7、740.2、711.6、680.9、648.3、614.1、578.5、541.9、504.7、467.2、429.9、393.1、357.0、322.0、288.3、256、225.3、196.3、169、143.5、117.1、95.2、75.3、57.1、30.7、25.7、0.0 hPa。
(1)由于MODIS数据网站并未更新Auqa卫星观测数据,故无法得到该个例发生时刻的准确信息,本文后续统计工作中也并未包含2022年的数据。Due to the fact that the MODIS data website did not update the Auqa satellite observation data,accurate information on the occurrence time of this case cannot be obtained.The subsequent statistical work in this article also does not include data of 2022.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20220499
中图分类号:P412
引用信息:
[1]孙维康,傅刚,王忠石.大西洋和印度洋上空“射线状”云的观测分析与数值模拟研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2024,54(06):11-22.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20220499.
基金信息:
国家重点研究发展计划项目(2022YFC3004200); 国家自然科学基金项目(42275001)资助~~
2024-05-31
2024-05-31