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针对气候变化和水环境污染导致的水生态环境恶化、水生生物多样性下降等问题，环境DNA(Environmental DNA, eDNA)技术作为一种精准的生物多样性检测方法，在保护水质和维护水生生态系统稳定性方面发挥着关键作用。本研究于2022年6—8月，在该区域内首次采用传统形态学检测方法与环境DNA技术相结合的方法，对保护区域内的崂山水库、大石村水库、书院水库和白沙河的浮游生物群落结构进行了调查，并探讨了eDNA技术在浮游生物长期检测中的应用潜能。结果表明：传统形态学检测方法在调查区域内共鉴定出浮游植物109种，隶属7门、10纲、35科、61属，水库群落结构以绿藻和蓝藻为主，白沙河则以硅藻、绿藻为主；共鉴定出54种浮游动物，隶属5纲、22科、31属，群落组成以轮虫为主，其次为桡足类和原生动物。调查区域内多样性分级评价结果为较好—一般；水体的水质较好，富营养化水平较低，处于贫—中营养状态。采用eDNA技术共鉴定出浮游植物69种，隶属2门、7纲、14目、25科、38属，显著低于用传统形态学检测方法调查的结果；鉴定出浮游动物84种，隶属2门、2纲、3目、15科、24属，明显多于利用传统形态学检测方法调查的结果。进一步分析表明，采用eDNA技术与传统形态学检测得到浮游生物种类较为接近，且优势属结果相似性较高，这证明了eDNA技术在青岛崂山区域浮游生物检测中的可行性，可作为本区域内浮游生物资源检测的有效补充手段。
Abstract：To address the degradation of aquatic ecosystems and the decline of aquatic biodiversity caused by climate change and water pollution, environmental DNA(eDNA) technology serves as a precise method for biodiversity monitoring, playing a crucial role in water quality protection and maintaining the stability of aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the community structure of planktonic organisms in Laoshan Reservoir, Dashicun Reservoir, Shuyuan Reservoir, and Baisha River in the protected area from June to August 2022, using a combination of traditional morphology and eDNA technology, and explored the possibility of eDNA technology in long-term monitoring of planktonic organisms. The results showed that morphological methods detected a total of 109 species of phytoplankton in the survey area, belonging to 7 phyla, 10 classes, 35 families, and 61 genera. The community structure of the reservoir was composed of green algae and blue-green algae, while the community structure of the Baisha River was composed of diatoms and green algae; 54 species of planktonic animals were identified, belonging to 5 classes, 22 families, and 31 genera. The community structure is mainly dominated by rotifers, followed by copepods and protozoa. The survey area has a relatively rich variety of biological species, and the diversity rating is good to average; The water quality is good, the eutrophication level is low, and it is in a state of poor to moderate nutrition. 69 species of phytoplankton belonging to 2 phyla, 7 classes, 14 orders, 25 families, and 38 genera were detected using eDNA technology, significantly lower than the morphological method survey. On the other hand, 84 species of plankton belonging to 2 phyla, 2 classes, 3 orders, 15 families, and 24 genera were detected, significantly higher than the morphological method survey. Further analysis shows that the eDNA technology and traditional net fishing methods have similar results in the investigation of plankton species, and the similarity of dominant genus results is high. This proves the feasibility of using eDNA technology in plankton monitoring and can serve as an effective supplementary means for plankton resource monitoring.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250080
中图分类号:X52;Q178
引用信息:
[1]周星方,王孝程,刘倩,等.基于形态学与环境DNA技术的青岛崂山区域典型水库及河流浮游生物多样性分析[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(05):60-70.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250080.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42106139)资助~~
2025-03-10
2025
2025-04-21
2025-04-25
2025
1
2026-04-27
2026-04-27