| 1,918 | 14 | 1247 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
漂浮式海上风机是开发和利用海上风能资源的关键技术装备,对拓展海上风电的开发空间具有重要战略意义。施工安装是漂浮式海上风机全生命周期的重要环节,也是实现海上风电经济、安全和高效开发的关键。然而随着海上风机的深远海和大型化发展,施工安装难度大幅提升,现有安装工艺及技术装备无法满足其安装作业需求。本文首先回顾了国内、外漂浮式海上风机发展历程,展望了未来漂浮式海上风机在降本增效以及解决施工安装难题中的创新设计理念;然后在此基础上,通过工程案例分析,总结梳理漂浮式海上风机运输安装工艺,分析漂浮式海上风机运输安装关键问题与技术挑战;最后针对漂浮式海上风机施工安装难题,从新工艺、新装备和新技术等方面提出发展建议,以期为漂浮式海上风电迈向深远海提供参考。
Abstract:Floating offshore wind turbine is a critical technology for the development and utilization of offshore wind energy, playing a significant strategic role in expanding the development space for offshore wind power. The offshore installation stage is essential in the lifecycle of floating offshore wind turbine and is key to developing offshore wind power economically, safely, and efficiently. However, as offshore wind turbines move towards deeper waters and larger scales, the difficulty of installation increases significantly, and existing installation technology and equipment cannot meet the demands of the operation. This paper firstly reviews the development history of floating offshore wind turbines both domestically and internationally. Then, the future prospects of innovative design concepts in reducing costs, increasing efficiency, and addressing installation challenges are presented. Based on engineering case studies, it summarizes the transportation and installation techniques for floating offshore wind turbines, andanalyzes the key issues and technical challenges. Finally, in light of the installation challenges for floating offshore wind turbines, this paper proposes the future requirements for technology and equipment in marine operations, to provide references for the advancement of floating offshore wind turbine into deeper waters.
[1] Bai H,Xu K,Zhang M,et al.Theoretical and experimental study of the high-frequency nonlinear dynamic response of a 10 MW semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine[J].Renewable Energy,2024:120952.
[2] Du J,Zhang D,Zhang Y,et al.Design and comparative analysis of alternative mooring systems for offshore floating photovoltaics arrays in ultra-shallow water with significant tidal range[J].Ocean Engineering,2024,302:117649.
[3] 曹群.中等水深10 MW半潜型浮式风机概念方案与耦合动力特性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2022.Cao Q.Conceptual Design and Coupled Dynamic Analysis for a 10 MW Wind Turbine in Intermediate Water Depth[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2022.
[4] 温斌荣,田新亮,李占伟,彭志科.大型漂浮式风电装备耦合动力学研究:历史,进展与挑战[J].力学进展,2022,52(4):78.Wen B R,Tian X L,Li Z W,Peng Z K.Coupling dynamics of floating wind turbines:History,progress and challenges[J].Advances in Mechanics,2022,52(4):731-808.
[5] Bai H,Zhang M,Li W,et al.Calibration of wave-induced high-frequency dynamic response and its effects on the fatigue damage of floating offshore wind turbine[J].Ocean Engineering,2024,309:118405.
[6] Bai H,Zhang M,Yuan W,et al.Conceptual design,parameter optimization and performance investigation of a 10 MW semi-submersible floating wind turbine in shallow water[J].Ocean Engineering,2023,281:114895.
[7] Musial W,Heimiller D,Beiter P,et al.2016 Offshore Wind Energy Resource Assessment for the United States[R].Golden,Colorado:National Renewable Energy Laborat,2016.
[8] 李志川,高敏,齐磊,等.漂浮式风电开发技术研究综述[J].船舶工程,2023,45(10):153-160+165.Li Z C,Gao M,Qi L,et al.Review of floating wind power development technology research[J].Ship Engineering,2023,45(10):153-160+165.
[9] 刘小燕,韩旭亮,秦梦飞.漂浮式风电技术现状及中国深远海风电开发前景展望[J].中国海上油气,2024,36(2):233-242.Liu X Y,Han X L,Qin M F.Current status of floating wind power technology and prospects for China’s deep sea wind power development[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2024,36(2):233-242.
[10] 陈嘉豪,裴爱国,马兆荣,等.海上漂浮式风机关键技术研究进展[J].南方能源建设,2020,7(1):8-20.Chen J H,Pei A G,Ma Z R,et al.A review of the key technologies for floating offshore wind terbines[J].Southern Energy Construction,2020,7(1):8-20.
[11] 何佳龙,李祥,喻葭临,等.漂浮式海上风电施工关键技术应用研究进展[J].水力发电,2023,49(12):108-111.He J L,Li X,Yu J L,et al.Progress on the application of key technologies in floating offshore wind power construction[J].Water Power,2023,49(12):108-111.
[12] Jiang Z.Installation of offshore wind turbines:A technical review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2021,139:110576.
[13] Ren Z,Verma A S,Li Y,et al.Offshore wind turbine operations and maintenance:A state-of-the-art review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2021,144:110886.
[14] Heronemus W E.Pollution-free energy from offshore winds[C]//Marine Technology Society.Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference and Exposition,Washington D C:Marine Technology Society,1972.
[15] Equinor.Industrialising floating offshore wind[EB/OL].[2024-07-10].https://www.equinor.com/energy/floating-wind.
[16] Principlepower.WF1 Trial Rescue Operation Deemed a Success[EB/OL].(2012-11-15)[2024-07-10].https://www.principlepower.com/news/wf1-trial-rescue-operation-deemed-a-success.
[17] Equinor.Hywind Scotland [EB/OL].[2024-07-10].https://www.equinor.com/energy/hywind-scotland.
[18] Principle Power.Wind Float Atlantic [EB/OL].[2024-07-10].https://www.windfloat-atlantic.com/.
[19] Principle Power.KOWL:World's largest floating windfarm full operational[EB/OL].(2021-10-19)[2024-07-10].https://www.principlepower.com/news/kowl-worlds-largest-floating-windfarm-fully- operational.
[20] Equinor.Enova supporting pioneer project[EB/OL].(2019-08-22)[2024-07-10].https://www.equinor.com/news/archive/enova- supporting-pioneer-project.
[21] 中国三峡集团.“三峡引领号”:中国漂浮式海上风电,我是“破壁人”[N/OL].澎湃新闻.(2021-08-13)[2024-07-10].https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_14025120.
[22] 邝展婷.国内首台深远海浮式风电装备正式起航![N/OL].中国船舶集团有限公司.(2022-05-27).http://www.csic.com.cn/n135/n171/n181/c23041/content.html.
[23] Penn.中国第一座深远海浮式风电开装,抗17级台风,全球加速开发[N/OL].澎湃新闻.(2023-04-11).https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_22640236.
[24] 杨镇潇,叶国,赵彤.光伏发电+渔业养殖:全球首个漂浮式“风光渔”融合项目主体完工[N/OL].澎湃新闻.(2023-10-21).https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_25013362.
[25] Corporation T.Sakiyama 2 MW Floating Offshore Wind Turbine[R].Tokyo:Toda Corporation,2013.
[26] BW Ideol .First helicopter evacuation exercise on a wind turbine in France[EB/OL].(2022-06-02)[2024-07-10].https://www.bw-ideol.com/en/first-helicopter-exercice-on-a-wind-turbine-in-France.
[27] 许移庆,张友林.漂浮式海上风电发展概述[J].风能,2020(5):56-61.Xu Y Q,Zhang Y L.Review of floating offshore wind power[J].Wind Energy,2020(5):56-61.
[28] 王征.英国漂浮式海上风电开发的用海权规划[J].风能,2022(12):44-51.Wang Z.Planning for use right of sea area of British wind energy[J].Wind Power,2022(12):44-51.
[29] Provence Grand Large.Les Trois éoliennes Flottantes de Provence Grand Large ont été Installées en Mer Avec Succès[EB/OL].(2023-10-11)[2024-07-10].https://provencegrandlarge.fr/2023/10/11/les-trois-eoliennes-flottantes-de-provence-grand-large-ont-ete-installees-en-mer-avec-succes/.
[30] Loz Blain.Disruptive offshore wind pyramid moves to real-world prototype testing ENERGY[N/OL].(2023-12-07).https://newatlas.com/energy/t-omega-floating-wind-prototype/.
[31] X1 Wind.PivotBuoy Project:Part-Scale Prototype in the Canary Islands [EB/OL].[2024-07-10].https://www.x1wind.com/projects/pivotbuoy-project-part-scale-prototype-in-the-canary-islands/.
[32] Fred Olsen.The Floating Foundation BRUNEL[EB/OL].[2024-07-10].https://www.fredolsen1848.com/technologies/brunel/.
[33] Stiesdal.The world’s first fully industrialized offshore foundation[EB/OL].[2024-07-10].https://www.stiesdal.com/offshore/the-tetraspar-full-scale-demonstration-project/.
[34] Equinor.Next step for Hywind Tampen[EB/OL].(2021-04-21)[2024-07-10].https://www.equinor.com/news/archive/202104 22-next-step-hywind-tampen.
[35] Subsea D.Hywind Tampen:Floating Wind Farm Installation[R].Stavanger:Equinor,2023.
[36] Principle Power.The WindFloat? Advantage:Installation[EB/OL].[2024-07-10].https://www.principlepower.com/windfloat/advantage/installation.
[37] Cranemaster.Installation of the First Floating Wind Turbines in Provence[EB/OL].[2024-07-10].https://cranemaster.com/references/installation-of-the-first-floating-wind-turbines-in-provence/.
[38] Renouvelables E.Provence Grand Large Sets Sail[EB/OL].(2023-09-23)[2024-07-10].https://edf-renouvelables.com/en/provence-grand-large-prend-le-large/.
[39] Yang S,Deng Z,Li X,et al.A novel hybrid model based on STL decomposition and one-dimensional convolutional neural networks with positional encoding for significant wave height forecast[J].Renewable Energy,2021,173:531-543.
[40] Barnes A P,Kjeldsen T R,Mccullen N.Video-based convolutional neural networks forecasting for rainfall forecasting[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2022,19:1-5.
[41] Wu Z,Wang S,Yuan Q,et al.Application of a deep learning-based discrete weather data continuousization model in ship route optimization[J].Ocean Engineering,2023,285:115435.
[42] Fabbri T,Vicen-Bueno R.Weather-routing system based on METOC navigation risk assessment[J].Journal of Marine Science and Engineering,2019,7(5):127.
[43] Krata P,Szlapczynska J.Ship weather routing optimization with dynamic constraints based on reliable synchronous roll prediction[J].Ocean Engineering,2018,150:124-137.
[44] Szlapczynska J,Szlapczynski R.Preference-based evolutionary multi- objective optimization in ship weather routing[J].Applied Soft Computing,2019,84:105742.
[45] Le Pivert F,López-Santander A,Craven M J,et al.Routing optimisation for towing a floating offshore wind turbine under weather constraints[J].Ocean Engineering,2024,305:118025.
[46] 交通运输救捞与水下工程标准化技术委员会.JT/T 1364—2020海上平台拖航技术要求[S].北京:中华人民共和国交通运输部,2020.Technical Committee for Standardization of Maritime Rescue and Salvage and Underwater Engineering.JT/T 1364—2020 Technical Requirements for Offshore Platforms Towing[S].Beijing:Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China,2020.
[47] Wang W H,Yang Y,Zhang K D,et al.Characteristics of flow field and various resistances of sandglass-type FPSO with special shape during towing process[J].Ocean Engineering,2024,292:116532.
[48] Amin I,Oterkus S,Ali M E A,et al.Experimental investigation on a towing assessment for a floating desalination plant for Egypt[J].Ocean Engineering,2021,238:109746.
[49] Liu Y,Li H,Chen J,et al.The influence of a circular moonpool on towing resistance of a conical platform[J].Ocean Engineering,2023,287:115897.
[50] Liu Y,Li H,Zhou X,et al.The influence of an annular moonpool on towing resistance of a separated polar ocean nuclear energy platform[J].Ocean Engineering,2022,266:112913.
[51] Zhang P,Zhao X,Ding H,et al.The wet-towing resistance of the composite bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines[J].Marine Structures,2021,80:103089.
[52] Berg T E,Selvik ?.Emergency towing operations in arctic waters[C]//Offshore Technology Conference.Proceedings of the OTC Arctic Technology Conference.Copenhagen,Denmark:Offshore Technology Conference,2015.
[53] Guard U C.Report on Investigation into the Circumstances Surrounding the Multiple Related Marine Casualties and Grounding of the MODU Kulluk on December 31,2012[R].Washington,D C:United States Department of Homeland Security,2014.
[54] Lacarbonara W,Pacitti A.Nonlinear modeling of cables with flexural stiffness[J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2008(3):1-21.
[55] Fang Z F,He Q S,Xiang B F,et al.A finite element cable model and its applications based on the cubic spline curve[J].China Ocean Engineering,2013,27(5):683-692.
[56] Fitriadhy A,Yasukawa H,Maimun A.Theoretical and experimental analysis of a slack towline motion on tug-towed ship during turning[J].Ocean Engineering,2015,99:95-106.
[57] Srivastava V K,Sanyasiraju Y,Tamsir M.Dynamic behavior of underwater towed cable in linear profile[J].International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research,2011,2(7):1-6.
[58] Zhang P,Peng Y,Ding H,et al.Numerical analysis of offshore integrated meteorological mast for wind farms during wet towing transportation[J].Ocean Engineering,2019,188:106271.
[59] 闵巧玲.复合筒型基础稳性及拖航运动特性分析[D].天津:天津大学,2018.Min Q L.Analysis of Stability and Towing Motion Characteristics of Composite Bucket Foundation[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2018.
[60] 翟秋,王鹏,王华坤,等.大型预制沉箱外海拖航稳性与耐波性分析[J].水动力学研究与进展,2023,38(1):114-123.Di Q,Wang P,Wang H K,et al.Study on stability and seakeeping of large prefabricated caisson towed in open sea[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2023,38(1):114-123.
[61] Wang H,Liu C,Guo Y,et al.Experimental and numerical research on the wet-towing of wide-shallow bucket jacket foundation for offshore substation[J].Ocean Engineering,2023,275:114126.
[62] 刘建辉.筒型基础海洋平台气浮拖航性能研究[D].天津:天津大学,2009.Liu J H.The Studying on Towing Behaviour of Bucket Foundation Offshore Platform with Air Cushions[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2009.
[63] Park S H,Lee S J,Lee S.Experimental investigation of towing- and course-stability of a FPSO towed by a tug-boat with lateral motion[J].International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2021,13:12-23.
[64] Sinibaldi M,Bulian G.Towing simulation in wind through a nonlinear 4-DOF model:Bifurcation analysis and occurrence of fishtailing[J].Ocean Engineering,2014,88:366-392.
[65] Pan Z,Vada T,Finne S,et al.Benchmark study of numerical approaches for wave-current interaction problem of offshore floaters[C]//American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Busan:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2016.
[66] Chen M,Chen Y,Li T,et al.Analysis of the wet-towing operation of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine using a single tugboat[J].Ocean Engineering,2024,299:117354.
[67] 朱仁传,缪国平.船舶在波浪上运动理论[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2019.Zhu R C,Miao G P.Ship Motion Theory in Waves[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press,2019.
[68] Beck R F,Loken A E.Three-dimensional effects in ship relative-motion problems[J].Journal of Ship Research,1989,33(4):261-268.
[69] 周正全,顾懋祥,孙伯起,等.预报船舶在波浪中航行时相对运动的三维模型[J].中国造船,1991(4):41-45.Zhou Z Q,Gu M X,Sun B Q,et al.Prediction of relative motions of ships in regular wave[J].Shipbuilding of China,1991(4):41-45.
[70] Haskind M.The hydrodynamic theory of ship oscillations in rolling and pitching[J].Prikladnaya Matematikai Mekhanika,1946,10:33-66.
[71] Havelock T H.The effect of speed of advance upon the damping of heave and pitch[J].Quarterly Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects,1958,100(2):131-135.
[72] 缪国平,刘应中,杨勤正,等.三维移动脉动源的 Michell 型表达[J].中国造船,1995(4):1-11.Miao G P,Liu Y Z,Yang Q Z,et al.On the 3-D pulsating source of Michell′s type with forward speed[J].Shipbuilding of China,1995(4):1-11.
[73] Bessho M.On the fundamental singularity in the theory of ship motions in a seaway[J].Memories of the Defense Academy of Japan,1977,17:95-105.
[74] Nakos D E.Ship Wave Patterns and Motions by a Three Dimensional Rankine Panel Method[D].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1990.
[75] Nakos D,Sclavounos P.Ship motions by a three-dimensional Rankine panel method[C]//Ship Hydromechanics and Structures.Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on naval hydrodynamics.Washington D C:Ship Hydromechanics and Structures,1991:21-40.
[76] Yasukawa H.A Rankine panel method to calculate unsteady ship hydrodynamic forces[J].Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan,1990,1990(168):131-140.
[77] S?ding H,Von Graefe A,El Moctar O,et al.Rankine source method for seakeeping predictions[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Rio de Janeiro:Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering Division,2012.
[78] 周文俊.基于多域法的船舶时域非线性水动力分析及大幅运动预报[D].上海:上海交通大学,2020.Zhou W J.Time-Domain Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Analysis and Large Amplitude Motion Prediction of Ship Based on the Multi-Domain Method[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2020.
[79] Danmeier D G.A Higher-Order Method for Large-Amplitude Simulations of Bodies in Waves[D].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1999.
[80] Zhang T,Zhou B,Liu H,et al.A study on hydrodynamic analysis of ship with forward-speed based on a time domain boundary element method[J].Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements,2021,128:216-226.
[81] Kring D C.Time Domain Ship Motions by a Three-Dimensional Rankine Panel Method[D].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1994.
[82] Yasukawa H.Application of 3-D time domain panel method to ship seakeeping problems[C]// National Research Council.Proceedings of the 24th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics.Fukuoka:The National Academies Press,2002.
[83] Kim K H,Kim Y.Comparative study on ship hydrodynamics based on Neumann-Kelvin and double-body linearizations in time-domain analysis[J].International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering,2010,20(4):265-274.
[84] Kim K H,Kim Y.On technical issues in the analysis of nonlinear ship motion and structural loads in waves by a time-domain Rankine panel method[C]//Choi H S,Kim Y.Proceedings of the 23rd International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies.Jeju:Office of Naval Research,2008.
[85] Song M J,Kim K H,Kim Y.Numerical analysis and validation of weakly nonlinear ship motions and structural loads on a modern containership[J].Ocean Engineering,2011,38(1):77-87.
[86] Zhang X,Bandyk P,Beck R F.Seakeeping computations using double-body basis flows[J].Applied Ocean Research,2010,32(4):471-482.
[87] Li H,Zou J,Peng Y,et al.Numerical study of slamming and whipping loads in moderate and large regular waves for different forward speeds[J].Marine Structures,2024,94:103563.
[88] Zhang S,Lin W M,Weems K.A hybrid boundary-element method for non-wall-sided bodies with or without forward speed[C]//Ship Hydromechanics and Structures.Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies.Alphen aan den Rijn,Netherlands:International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies,1998:179-182.
[89] 陈曦.航行船舶三维时域水动力分析的数值与应用研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2018.Chen X.Numerical and Applied Study on Three Dimensional Time Domain Hydrodynamic Analysis of Navigating Ship[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2018.
[90] Ding H,Han Y,Le C,et al.Dynamic analysis of a floating wind turbine in wet tows based on multi-body dynamics[J].Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,2017,9(3):033301.
[91] Contractors H M.Floating to floating offshore wind installation method [EB/OL].(2022-04-21).https://www.heerema.com/insights/floating-to-floating-installation-method.
[92] Zhao S J,Meng X,Li H J,et al.Continuous multi-body dynamic analysis of float-over deck installation with rapid load transfer technique in open waters[J].Ocean Engineering,2021,224:108729.
[93] Hong S,Zhang H,Nord T S,et al.Effect of fender system on the dynamic response of onsite installation of floating offshore wind turbines[J].Ocean Engineering,2022,259:111830.
[94] Liu T,Halse K H,Leira B J,et al.Comparative study of the mating process for a spar-type floating wind turbine using two alternative installation vessels[J].Applied Ocean Research,2023,132:103452.
[95] Iberdrola Ingenieria y Construcción.How to install a TLP Substructure for Offshore Wind?TLPWIND? Case Study[R].Brussels:European Wind Energy Association,2015.
基本信息:
DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240260
中图分类号:TM614;P752
引用信息:
[1]赵树杰,白浩哲,徐琨,等.漂浮式海上风机施工安装现状与发展趋势及技术挑战[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2024,54(10):13-28.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240260.
基金信息:
山东省重点研究发展计划项目(2021ZLGX04);; 国家自然科学基金项目(52088102)资助~~
2024-07-10
2024
2024-08-20
2024
1
2024-09-27
2024-09-27