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海湾生态系统是重要的碳汇区域，浮游植物作为主要初级生产者，其生产力和群落结构受到人类活动的显著影响。研究典型海湾浮游植物生产力和群落结构的长期演变特征，是厘清浮游植物对海湾碳汇功能影响的重要基础。桑沟湾是我国重要的海水养殖基地，然而目前关于桑沟湾不同养殖模式下浮游植物生产力和群落结构的长期演变特征及其对环境变化响应的认识仍然缺乏。本研究通过对桑沟湾三个区域(贝类养殖区(B2、C2站位)、贝藻综合养殖区(B4站位)、湾外非养殖区(A6站位))柱状沉积物的有机地球化学分析，探讨了浮游植物生产力及群落结构的长期演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明，贝类养殖区浮游植物生产力呈上升趋势，这与陆源输入和贝类养殖规模增大(溶解无机氮循环加快)有关。贝藻综合养殖区浮游植物生产力呈先升后降的趋势，受到溶解无机氮变化的显著影响(p<0.05)以及贝藻综合养殖的调控。湾外非养殖区的浮游植物生产力较低，而在5 cm沉积层至表层生产力呈上升趋势，推测与DIN的增加以及水动力改变有关。总之，浮游植物总生产力存在显著的区域差异，即近40年贝藻综合养殖区显著高于湾外非养殖区(p<0.05),近10年贝藻综合养殖区显著高于贝类养殖区(p<0.05)。上述结果表明，贝藻综合养殖的养殖模式具有显著的海源有机碳碳汇潜力。此外，桑沟湾硅藻/甲藻整体呈上升趋势，这一趋势可能受N/P降低、Si/N升高、DOP升高、温度降低、养殖活动以及水动力的耦合影响。上述研究结果为深入阐明海湾养殖区的碳汇功能提供科学基础。
Abstract：Coastal bays are important carbon sink areas. The productivity and community structure of the main primary producer, phytoplankton, are significantly affected by human activities. Understanding the long-term change patterns of phytoplankton productivity and community structure in typical bays is an important basis for clarifying the influence of phytoplankton on the carbon sink function of bays. Sanggou Bay is one of the most representative farming areas in China. However, the long-term change patterns and controlling factors of phytoplankton productivity and community structure under different aquaculture conditions in Sanggou Bay are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed sediment cores at four stations in Sanggou Bay(i.e., stations B2 and C2 in the shellfish culture area, station B4 in the shellfish-kelp integrated culture area, and station A6 in the area without aquaculture) to investigate the long-term change patterns and controlling factors of phytoplankton productivity and community structure. Our results showed that phytoplankton productivity in the shellfish culture area showed an increasing trend, which might be related to the terrestrial input and the increased activities of shellfish culture(accelerated dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) cycling). Phytoplankton productivity in the shellfish-kelp integrated culture area showed a hump-shaped change, which was significantly influenced by the change in DIN(p<0.05) and the integrated culture of shellfish and kelp. Phytoplankton productivity in the area without aquaculture was relatively low, while it showed an upward trend from the 5 cm sediment layer to the surface, which might be attributed to the increased DIN and changes in hydrodynamics. Overall, there were significant regional differences in phytoplankton productivity, that is, phytoplankton productivity was significantly higher in the shellfish-kelp integrated culture area than the area without aquaculture during the last 40 years(p<0.05), and it was significantly higher in the shellfish-kelp integrated culture area than the shellfish culture area during the last 10 years(p<0.05). Our results indicate that the shellfish-kelp integrated culture model has significant potential for oceanic organic carbon sink. In addition, the productivity ratio of diatoms to dinoflagellates in Sanggou Bay showed an overall upward trend, which may be influenced by the decreased ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus(N/P), the increased ratio of silicon to nitrogen(Si/N), the increased dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP), the decreased temperature, aquaculture activities, and hydrodynamic changes. The above findings provide a scientific basis for further elucidating the carbon sink potential of aquaculture bays.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240393
中图分类号:Q948.8
引用信息:
[1]徐淑兰,毕蓉,丁杨,等.桑沟湾浮游植物生产力和群落结构的演变特征及影响因素[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(12):92-103.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240393.
基金信息:
崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202204005); 国家自然科学基金项目(U24A20611); 中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心重点部署项目(COMS2019Q05)资助~~