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热带气旋是生成在海上的强烈的非线性大气涡旋，在上层海洋激发复杂剧烈的海洋动力和热力响应。2020年超强热带气旋“哈罗德”(Harold)生成于热带南太平洋，最大风速达64.3 m/s,生成后反常的自西向东移动横穿澳大利亚东北部海域，引起上层海洋温度、盐度和叶绿素等要素的显著变化。本文基于卫星遥感数据、Argo浮标剖面观测数据以及HYCOM再分析模式数据，针对热带气旋表层和次表层海洋的温度、盐度和叶绿素浓度在“哈罗德”经过前后的变化及其机制展开研究分析。结果表明，“哈罗德”经过后，海表面温度迅速降低，而海表面盐度和叶绿素浓度显著增加，并伴随混合层深度加深和海表高度异常降低，上述响应在热带气旋强度最强且移动速度最慢时更加明显。尽管在热带气旋路径左侧(即低纬度一侧)上层暖水更加深厚，但在热带气旋自西向东的异常移动路径影响下，受到风速和海面激发流速的共振效应，在路径左侧仍然激发了显著强于右侧的温度、盐度和叶绿素浓度变化。通过进一步分析发现，在100 m以浅海洋的响应主要由热带气旋引发的水平流剪切不稳定诱发的混合卷挟导致，而在100 m以深的响应可能主要由上升流所引起。
Abstract：Tropical cyclones are intense, nonlinear atmospheric eddies that form over the ocean and can induce complex and violent oceanic dynamics as well as thermal responses in the upper ocean. In 2020, Super Tropical Cyclone Harold developed over the tropical South Pacific Ocean, reaching maximum wind speeds of 64.3m/s. Following its formation, Harold exhibited an unusual west-to-east trajectory across the northeastern Australian waters. Using observations from remote sensing data, Argo float and HYCOM reanalysis data, post-cyclone measurements revealed a significant increase in sea surface salinity and chlorophyll concentration, along with rapid cooling of sea surface temperature. These changes were accompanied by a deepening of the mixed layer and a reduction in sea surface height anomaly. These oceanic responses were particularly pronounced when the cyclone was at its peak intensity and moving slowly. Despite the presence of a deeper upper warm layer on the left side(lower latitude) of the cyclone's path, the unusual west-to-east trajectory of Harold still induced stronger oceanic responses on the left side of its track than on the right, the phenomenon occurred due to the enhanced resonance effect between winds and near-inertial currents on the left side of the cyclone′s path. Further analysis indicates that oceanic changes at depths shallower than 100 m were primarily driven by mixing due to shear instability in the current triggered by the cyclone, while responses at depths greater than 100 m were likely dominated by upwelling.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250034
中图分类号:P73
引用信息:
[1]马俊同,刘宇皓,罗灿,等.南太平洋上层海洋对热带气旋“哈罗德”(2020)的响应特征分析[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(01):15-28.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250034.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(42476029)资助~~