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为评估饲料中添加3种不同芽孢杆菌属益生菌对凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)生长性能、非特异性免疫及抗病力的影响，在基础饲料中分别添加1×109 CFU·kg-1浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)BSXE-1601(BD组)、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B.velezensis)26.3(BV组)和蜡样芽孢杆菌(B.cereus)BCXE-01(CD组)投喂对虾，以基础饲料投喂组为对照组，进行了为期6周的养殖实验。养殖实验结束后，进行14 d的副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)攻毒实验。研究表明，BD组和BV组对虾末体质量、特定生长率和饲料效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中BV组最高。3个处理组对虾血清中过氧化物酶、总超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和酚氧化酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),BV组对虾血清中酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于BD组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比，BD和BV组对虾肝胰腺中proPO、LZM、SOD、HSP70、Imd、Toll、TOR、4E-BP和eIF4E1α基因相对表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)。CD组对虾肝胰腺proPO、LGBP、Imd、Toll、4E-BP和eIF4E2基因相对表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。BV组对虾肝胰腺SOD、LGBP、Toll和4E-BP基因相对表达量显著高于CD和BD组(P<0.05)。副溶血弧菌攻毒实验结果表明，与对照组相比，3个处理组凡纳对虾累计死亡率均显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究表明，添加枯草芽孢杆菌BSXE-1601和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌26.3均可显著提高凡纳对虾的生长性能，二者对机体免疫反应的诱导作用优于蜡样芽孢杆菌BCXE-01,3种芽孢杆菌均可显著提高凡纳对虾对副溶血弧菌的抵抗力。
Abstract：An experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding three Bacillus species to feed on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of Penaeus vannamei. Shrimp was fed with the basal diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis BSXE-1601(BD group), B.cereus BCXE-01(CD group) and B.velezensis 26.3(BV group) at a density of 1×109 CFU·kg-1 in the basal diet. The basal diet without bacterial additives was used as the control group. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. After the feeding trial, a 14 d Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge experiment was conducted. Results showed that the final weight, specific growth rate and feed efficiency of shrimp in BD and BV were significantly improved as compared to the control(P<0.05), especially in BV. The activities of peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), acid phosphatase(ACP) and phenol oxidase(PO) in the serum of shrimp of three treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The activities of ACP, AKP and SOD in the serum of BV were significantly higher than those of BD(P<0.05). Compared with the control, the relative expression level of proPO,LZM,SOD,HSP70,Imd,Toll,Relish,TOR,4E-BP,eIF4E1α and eIF4E2 in the hepatopancreas of shrimp of BD was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05). The relative expression level of proPO、LGBP、Imd、Toll、4E-BP and eIF4E2 in the hepatopancreas of shrimp of CD group was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05). The relative expression level of proPO,LZM,SOD,LGBP,HSP70,Imd,Toll,TOR,4E-BP and eIF4E1α in BV was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05). The relative expression level of SOD,LGBP,Toll and 4E-BP in BV was significantly higher than that of CD and BD(P<0.05). The challenge test of V. parahaemolyticus revealed that the cumulative mortality of shrimp in three treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the control(P<0.05). In conclusion, the effects of adding B. subtilis BSXE-1601 and B. velezensis 26.3 in the feed markedly enhanced the growth performance of P. vannamei. Two Bacillus species elicited a superior immune response compared to B.cereus BCXE-01. Three Bacillus species significantly enhanced the resistance against V.parahaemolyticus of P.vannamei.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240028
中图分类号:S968.22
引用信息:
[1]田相利,李明静,郭泽阳,等.三种不同芽孢杆菌对凡纳对虾生长、非特异性免疫及抗病力影响的比较研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(03):23-33.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240028.
基金信息:
国家重点研究发展计划项目(2023YFD2401705,2020YFD0900200)资助~~