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本文系统归纳了文昌鱼(Branchiostoma lanceolatum)抗病毒天然免疫系统研究中的关键科学问题，重点指出了模式识别受体(Pattern recognition receptors, PRRs)多样性、信号转导通路保守性与创新性、效应分子调控网络复杂性及其与脊椎动物免疫系统的演化关联等研究领域的最新进展。通过深入讨论文昌鱼PRRs的分子类型、病毒识别特异性、信号级联激活机制及效应分子(如抗菌肽、干扰素诱导蛋白)的时空表达调控规律，结合比较免疫学视角，揭示了其抗病毒免疫应答的多层次防御策略。研究特别关注了Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors, TLRs)与RIG-Ⅰ样受体(Retinoic acid-inducible gene-Ⅰ-like receptors, RLRs)的协同作用模式、核因子κ轻链增强子(Nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)与干扰素调控因子(Interferon regulatory factor, IRF)转录因子的交互调控网络，以及免疫记忆样现象的分子基础。在此基础上，本文对文昌鱼抗病毒免疫系统在脊椎动物免疫进化中的过渡性地位进行了理论阐释，并前瞻性地提出：未来研究应聚焦于免疫基因家族的水平扩张与功能分化、表观遗传调控元件的演化轨迹以及环境压力对免疫适应性进化的驱动机制，这将为解析脊椎动物先天免疫系统的分子起源提供关键实证依据。
Abstract：This paper systematically summarises the key scientific issues in the study of the antiviral innate immune system of amphioxus, highlighting the recent progress in the areas of diversity of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs), conservatism and innovativeness of signaling pathways, complexity of regulatory networks of effector molecules, and their evolutionary relevance to the vertebrate immune system. Through in-depth discussion of the molecular types, virus recognition specificity, and signalling cascade activation mechanism of amphioxus PRRs and spatial and temporal expression regulation of amphioxus effector molecules(e.g. antimicrobial peptides, interferon-inducible proteins), the multilevel defence strategy of its antiviral immune response was revealed by combining with the comparative immunology perspective. The study paid special attention to the synergistic mode of action of Toll-like receptors(TLRs) and Retinoic acid-inducible gene-Ⅰ-like receptors(RLRs), the inter-regulatory network of NF-κB and Interferon Regulatory Factor(IRF) transcription factors, and the molecular basis of the immune memory-like phenomenon. On this basis, this paper provides a theoretical explanation of the transitional position of the antiviral immune system of amphioxus in the evolution of vertebrate immunity, and prospectively suggests that future studies should focus on the horizontal expansion and functional differentiation of the immune gene family, the evolutionary trajectory of the epigenetic regulatory elements, and the driving mechanism of the evolution of immune adaptations by environmental stresses, which would provide a key empirical basis for the analysis of the molecular origins of the innate immune system in vertebrates.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250013
中图分类号:S943
引用信息:
[1]刘振辉,杜雪晴,林景源.文昌鱼抗病毒天然免疫的分子调控研究进展[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(01):114-124.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250013.
基金信息:
科技部国家重点研究发展计划项目(2023YFE0199500)资助~~
2025-01-15
2025
2025-03-06
2025-03-11
2025
1
2025-12-30
2025-12-30