| 525 | 2 | 693 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
本文利用三维水动力-生态耦合模型模拟研究了渤、黄海水质和叶绿素a浓度的季节变化，并通过敏感性试验比较了大气沉降和河流输入对水体DIN(溶解无机氮)、DIP(活性磷酸盐)和叶绿素a浓度的影响。结果表明，大气沉降最高可使表层DIN浓度增加14 mmol/m3,其影响程度从近岸向中央海域逐渐递减；河流输入的影响集中在河口附近，最高可使表层DIN浓度增加90 mmol/m3。在丰水期，河流输入可使表层叶绿素a浓度增加60%,而其他季节大气沉降对叶绿素a浓度的影响显著大于河流输入。数值试验显示，随着大气沉降通量的增大，DIN和叶绿素a的浓度会随之增大，而DIP的浓度变化较小，这与大气沉降中的物质组成及海洋本底N/P等因素有关。本研究表明，为落实海洋环境保护的陆海统筹措施，对河流输入的控制固然重要，但大气沉降控制也是改善海水水质的重要手段，甚至是更主要的手段。
Abstract：In this study, the seasonal variation of nutrients and Chlorophyll-a concentration in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea was simulated by a three-dimensional coupled ecosystem model, and the effects of atmospheric deposition and river input on the concentrations of DIN(dissolved inorganic nitrogen), DIP(dissolved inorganic phosphorus) and Chl-a were compared by sensitive numerical experiments. The results showed that atmospheric deposition could increase the surface DIN concentration by up to 14 mmol/m3, and its influence gradually decreased from the coast to the central area. The influence of river input was concentrated near the estuary, and could increase the surface DIN concentration by up to 90 mmol/m3. In the high flow period in summer, river input could increase the surface Chl-a concentration by 60%, while in other seasons, the effect of atmospheric deposition on Chl-a concentration was significantly greater than that of river input. The numerical experiments showed that with the increase of atmospheric deposition flux, the concentrations of DIN and Chl-a increased, while the concentration of DIP changed little, which was related to the composition of atmospheric deposition and the N/P in the marine environment. This study suggests that although the reduction of river input is important for marine environmental protection in coastal regions, the control of atmospheric deposition is also an important means to improve the quality of seawater.
[1] Khatiwala S,Tanhua T,Mikaloff F S,et al.Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon[J].Biogeosciences,2013,10(4):2169-2191.
[2] Lee H K,Calvin D,Dasgupta G,et al.Synthesis Report of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) [R].Switzerland:Interlaken IPCC,2023.
[3] Ruiz-Cooley R I,Gerrodette T,Fiedler P C,et al.Temporal variation in pelagic food chain length in response to environmental change[J].Science Advances,2017,3(10):e1701140.
[4] Ratnarajah L,Abu-Alhaija R,Atkinson A,et al.Monitoring and modelling marine zooplankton in a changing climate[J].Nature Communications,2023,14(1):564.
[5] Chen C A,Liu K,Macdonald R.Continental margin exchanges.//Fasham M J R Ed.Ocean Biogeochemistry:The Role of the Ocean Carbon Cycle in Global Change[M].New York:Springer,2003:53-97.
[6] Zheng L W,Zhai W D.Nutrient dynamics in the Bohai and North Yellow seas from seasonal to decadal scales:Unveiling Bohai Sea eutrophication mitigation in the 2010s[J].Science of the Total Environment,2023,905:167417.
[7] 赵晨英，臧家业，刘军，等.黄渤海氮磷营养盐的分布、收支与生态环境效应[J].中国环境科学，2016,36(7):2115-2127.Zhao C Y,Zang J Y,Liu J,et al.Distribution and budget of nitrogen and phosphorus and their influence on the ecosystem in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):2115-2127.
[8] Liu S M,Zhang J,Chen S Z,et al.Inventory of nutrient compounds in the Yellow Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2003,23(11-13):1161-1174.
[9] Fasham M J R,Ducklow H W,Mckelvie S M.A nitrogen-based model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer[J].Journal of Marine Research,1990,48(3):591-639.
[10] Fennel K,Wilkin J,Levin J,et al.Nitrogen cycling in the Middle Atlantic Bight:Results from a three-dimensional model and implications for the North Atlantic nitrogen budget[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2006,20(3):GB3007.
[11] Zhao L,Guo X Y.Influence of cross-shelf water transport on nutrients and phytoplankton in the East China Sea:A model study[J].Ocean Science,2011,7(1):27-43.
[12] Wang Y C,Guo X Y,Zhao L,et al.Seasonal variations in nutrients and biogenic particles in the upper and lower layers of East China Sea Shelf and their export to adjacent seas[J].Progress in Oceanography,2019,176:102138.
[13] Mellor G L.Users Guide for a Three-Dimensional,Primitive Equation,Numerical Ocean Model[M].Princeton University USA:Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,1998.
[14] Hanawa K,Mitsudera H.On daily average of oceanographic data (in Japanese)[J].Coastal Oceanography Bulletin,1985,23(1):79-87.
[15] Choi B,Kim K O,Eum H.Digital bathymetric and topographic data for neighboring seas of Korea[J].Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers,2002,14:41-50.
[16] Wang J,Zhang J,Liu X H,et al.Atmospheric input of silicon to the China adjacent seas:Non-negligible contributions from anthropogenic sources[J].Science of the Total Environment,2023,857:159540.
[17] Qi J H,Yu Y,Yao X H,et al.Dry deposition fluxes of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in atmospheric aerosols over the Marginal Seas and Northwest Pacific[J].Atmospheric Research,2020,245:105076.
[18] Zhang J.Nutrient elements in large Chinese estuaries[J].Continental Shelf Research,1996,16(8):1023-1045.
[19] Jiang M,Peng H,Liang S K,et al.Impact of extreme rainfall on non-point source nitrogen loss in coastal basins of Laizhou Bay,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2023,881:163427.
[20] 中华人民共和国水利部.中国河流泥沙公报 2015[EB/OL].http://www.mwr.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/zghlnsgb/201612/t20161222_776071.html,2015.Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China.China River Sediment Bulletin 2015[EB/OL].http://www.mwr.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/zghlnsgb/201612/t20161222_776071.html,2015.
[21] Wang Q,Guo X,Takeoka H.Seasonal variations of the Yellow River plume in the Bohai Sea:A model study[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans,2008,113(C8):C08046.
[22] Zhu J Y,Shi J,Guo X Y,et al.Air-sea heat flux control on the Yellow Sea cold water mass intensity and implications for its prediction[J].Continental Shelf Research,2018,152:14-26.
[23] Zhou L M,Sun Y,Zhang H H,et al.Distribution and characteristics of inorganic nutrients in the surface microlayer and subsurface water of the Bohai and Yellow Seas[J].Continental Shelf Research,2018,168:1-10.
[24] Zheng L W,Zhai W D.Excess nitrogen in the Bohai and Yellow Seas,China:Distribution,trends,and source apportionment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,794:148702.
[25] Liang W,Wang Y,Liu S M,et al.Nutrient dynamics and coupling with biological processes and physical conditions in the Bohai Sea[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2022,9:1025502.
[26] 郭全.渤海夏季营养盐和叶绿素分布特征及富营养化状况分析[D].青岛：中国海洋大学，2005.Guo Q.Features in Distributions of Nutrients and Chlorophyll and Eutrophication Assessment in Bohai Sea in Summer[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2005.
[27] 张莹.渤海中部浮游植物与环境因子的空间关系及季节差异分析[D].烟台：中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所，2016.Zhang Y.Spatial Correlation and Seasonal Variation of Phytoplankton and Environmental Factors in the Central Bohai Sea[D].Yantai:Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
[28] 王文涛.中国东海、黄海和渤海微表层营养盐分布及富集研究[D].青岛：中国海洋大学，2013.Wang W T.Study on the Distribution and Enrichment of Nutrients in the Sea-Surface Microlayer of the East China Sea,the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013.
[29] 臧璐.北黄海生源要素的季节特征及冷水团对其影响的研究[D].青岛：中国海洋大学，2009.Zang L.The Research of Biogenic Elements′ Seasonal Characteristics in the North Yellow Sea and the Contribution of the North Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009.
[30] Wei Q S,Yu Z G,Wang B D,et al.Coupling of the spatial-temporal distributions of nutrients and physical conditions in the southern Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2016,156:30-45.
[31] Jin J,Liu S M,Ren J L,et al.Nutrient dynamics and coupling with phytoplankton species composition during the spring blooms in the Yellow Sea[J].Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography,2013,97:16-32.
[32] 孙涛.渤海与黄海水体和沉积物中硅的分布特征与影响因素[D].青岛：国家海洋局第一海洋研究所，2014.Sun T.Distribution Characteristics of Silica in Bohai and Yellow Seas[D].Qingdao:The First Institute of Oceanography,SOA,2014.
[33] Guo C C,Zhang G C,Sun J,et al.Seasonal responses of nutrient to hydrology and biology in the southern Yellow Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2020,206:104207.
[34] 唐永，孙语嫣，石晓勇，等.黄渤海海域秋季营养盐及有色溶解有机物分布特征[J].环境科学，2017,38(11):4501-4512.Tang Y,Sun Y Y,Shi X Y,et al.Distribution characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and nutrients from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in autumn[J].环境科学，2017,38(11):4501-4512.
[35] 王俊杰，于志刚，韦钦胜，等.2017年春、夏季南黄海西部营养盐的分布特征及其与浒苔暴发的关系[J].海洋与湖沼，2018,49(5):1045-1053.Wang J J,Yu Z G,Wei Q S,et al.Distributions of nutrients in the western South Yellow Sea in spring and summer of 2017 and their relationship with ulva prolifera outbreaks[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2018,49(5):1045-1053.
[36] 刘丽雪，王玉珏，邸宝平，等.2012年春季渤海中部及邻近海域叶绿素a与环境因子的分布特征[J].海洋科学，2014,38(12):8-15.Liu L X,Wang Y J,Di B P,et al.Spatial distribution of chlorophylla and environmental factors in the Bohai Sea in spring of 2012 [J].Marine Sciences,2014,38(12):8-15.
[37] 金春洁，张传松，王丽莎，等.黄海溶解无机氮时空变化及其水团对DIN总量的影响[J].中国环境科学，2021,41(4):1642-1654.Jin C J,Zhang C S,Wang L S,et al.Spatial-temporal variation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and impacts of water mass on the reserves estimation of the total DIN content in the Yellow Sea[J].China Environmental Science,2021,41(4):1642-1654.
[38] 李延伟，胡莹莹，陈淑梅.夏、秋季北黄海营养盐的时空分布特征及其影响机制[J].中国环境科学，2013,33(6):1060-1067.Li Y W,Hu Y Y,Chen S M.Distribution and influence factors of nutrients in the North Yellow Sea in summer and autumn[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(6):1060-1067.
[39] 纪昱彤，王宁，陈洪举，等.2013年秋季渤黄海浮游植物的群落特征[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2018,48(S2):31-41.Ji Y T,Wang N,Chen H J,et al.Phytoplankton community structure in the Bohai and theHuanghai in autumn 2013[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2018,48(S2):31-41.
[40] 王丽莎，魏西会，张海波，等.渤海中部冬夏季叶绿素a和营养盐结构影响因素对比分析[J].海洋渔业，2021,43(4):473-484.Wang L S,Wei X H,Zhang H B,et al.Comparative study on the influence factors of Chlorophyll-a and nutrient structure between winter and summer in the central Bohai Sea[J].Marine Fisheries,2021,43(4):473-484.
[41] Xia L,Liu H,Lin L,et al.Surface chlorophyll-a fronts in the Yellow and Bohai Seas based on satellite data[J].Journal of Marine Science and Engineering,2021,9(11):1301.
[42] Shi J,Liu Y,Mao X Y,et al.Interannual variation of spring phytoplankton bloom and response to turbulent energy generated by atmospheric forcing in the central Southern Yellow Sea of China:Satellite observations and numerical model study[J].Continental Shelf Research,2017,143:257-270.
[43] 郭伟，史洁，朱君莹，等.大气氮沉降对南黄海初级生产过程影响的数值研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2020,50(1):115-125.Guo W,Shi J,Zhu J Y,et al.Modelling the effects of the atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the primary production process in the Southern Yellow Sea[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2020,50(1):115-125.
[44] 王丽芳，翟惟东，黄晓，等.渤、黄海在低氧形成期与消亡期生源要素的分布差异及响应特征[J].海洋环境科学，2022,41(3):452-460.Wang L F,Zhai W D,Huang X,et al.Dynamics of biogenic elements before and after oxygen depletion in Yellow and Bohai Seas[J].Marine Environmental Science,2022,41(3):452-460.
[45] 乌伊寒，张晶，赵亮，等.黄海氮磷营养盐时空特征及影响过程分析[J].天津科技大学学报，2021,36(5):30-40.Wu Y H,Zhang J,Zhao L,et al.Spatiotemporal characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus and its influencing processes in the Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Science & Technology,2021,36(5):30-40.
[46] 王燕，姚振童，祝艳君，等.2019年渤海氮磷营养盐季节变化及富营养化状况[J].海洋环境科学，2021,40(6):915-921.Wang Y,Yao Z T,Zhu Y J,et al.Seasonal variation of nutrients and eutrophication of 2019 in Bohai Sea,China[J].Marine Environmental Science,2021,40(6):915-921.
[47] 中华人民共和国生态环境部.中国海洋生态环境状况公报 2022[EB/OL].https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/jagb/,2022.Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.Bulletin of Marine Ecology and Environment Status of China[EB/OL].https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/jagb/,2022.
[48] 王菊英，郑楠，马德毅.近海生态系统的人为营养盐输入及其控制对策浅析[J].海洋学报，2020,42(6):1-8.Wang J Y,Zheng N,Ma D Y.Anthropogenic inputs of nutrients to coastal ecosystem and mitigation actions[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2020,42(6):1-8.
[49] Deng O P,Huang S,Wang C,et al.Atmospheric nitrogen pollution control benefits the coastal environment[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2023,58(1):449-458.
[50] 张桂成，孙军.渤海环境污染现状及研究进展[J].环境化学，2023,42(3):918-930.Zhang G C,Sun J.State of environmental pollution in the Bohai Sea,China:A review[J].Environmental Chemistry,2023,42(3):918-930.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240054
中图分类号:X55;X51
引用信息:
[1]梁瀚林,于晓杰,史洁,等.大气沉降和河流输入对渤、黄海营养盐及叶绿素a浓度影响的数值研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(02):103-113.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240054.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(U1906215)资助~~
2024-02-18
2024
2024-04-22
2024
1
2025-01-14
2025-01-14