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为探究mTOR信号通路对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、抗氧化及非特异性免疫力的影响，设计了3组等氮等能的配合饲料，分别命名为对照组(Con组)、亮氨酸组(Leu组)和雷帕霉素组(Rap组),在Con组中添加了1%的丙氨酸(Ala),在Leu组中添加了1%的亮氨酸，在Rap组中添加了0.003%的雷帕霉素。选取初始体质量(0.70±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾，在室内循环水系统中进行养殖实验，每个处理组3个重复，每个重复60尾虾，养殖周期为56 d。养殖结束后，对生长、抗氧化及非特异性免疫力相关指标进行分析。研究显示，Leu组的特定生长率极显著高于Con组(P<0.01),Rap组的特定生长率极显著低于Con组(P<0.01)。对虾肌肉S6蛋白的磷酸化水平在摄食后1 h激活程度最强，然后逐渐减弱。与Con组相比，Leu组摄食后1 h肌肉S6蛋白的磷酸化水平显著上升，Rap组摄食后1 h肌肉S6蛋白的磷酸化水平显著下降(P<0.05)。在对虾血淋巴中，Leu组的碱性磷酸酶、酚氧化酶活力显著高于Con组(P<0.05),Rap组的酸性磷酸酶活力显著低于Con组(P<0.05)。在对虾肝胰腺中，Leu组的过氧化氢酶、总抗氧化酶和酚氧化酶活力显著高于Con组(P<0.05),Leu组的丙二醛含量显著低于Rap组(P<0.05)。Leu组的Lysozyme、C-MnSOD、Lectin相对表达量显著高于Con组(P<0.05),Rap组的Relish、Hsp70相对表达量显著低于Con组(P<0.05)。研究结果表明，饲料中添加亮氨酸可有效激活mTOR信号通路，从而提升凡纳滨对虾的生长性能、抗氧化及非特异性免疫能力；而添加雷帕霉素可有效抑制mTOR信号通路，对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、抗氧化及免疫功能起到抑制作用。
Abstract：To investigate the effects of mTOR signaling pathway on the growth, antioxidant and non-specific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei, three isonitrogen and isoenergy compound diets were designed, which were named control(Con), leucine(Leu) and rapamycin(Rap) groups, respectively. One percent of alanine(Ala) was added to the Con group, 1% of leucine to Leu group, and 0.003% of rapamycin to Rap group. Litopenaeus vannamei with initial body weight of(0.70±0.01) g was selected for culture experiment in an indoor circulating water system, 3 replicates each group, 60 shrimp each replicate. The culture cycle was 56 days. At the end of culture, the growth, antioxidant and non-specific immunity related indexes were analyzed. The results showed that the specific growth rate of Leu group was significantly higher than that of Con group, and the specific growth rate of Rap group was significantly lower than that of Con group(P<0.01). The phosphorylation level of muscle S6 protein in prawn was the strongest at 1h after feeding, and then gradually decreased. Compared with Con group, the 1h muscle S6 protein phosphorylation level in Leu group was significantly increased, and the 1 h muscle S6 protein phosphorylation level in Rap group was significantly decreased(P<0.05). In the serum of shrimp, the activities of alkaline phosphatase and phenoloxidase in Leu group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05), and the activities of acid phosphatase in Rap group were significantly lower than those in Con group(P<0.05). In the hepatopancreas of shrimp, the activities of catalase, total antioxidant enzymes and phenoloxidase in Leu group were significantly higher than those in Con group(P<0.05), and the malondialdehyde content in Leu group was significantly lower than that in Rap group(P<0.05). The relative expression levels of Lysozyme, C-MnSOD and Lectin in Leu group were significantly higher than those in Con group(P<0.05), and the relative expression levels of Relish and Hsp70 in Rap group were significantly lower than those in Con group(P<0.05). The results showed that dietary leucine can effectively activate the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby improving the growth performance, antioxidant and non-specific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei. The addition of rapamycin can effectively inhibit the mTOR signaling pathway, and inhibit the growth performance, antioxidant and immune function of Litopenaeus vannamei.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240080
中图分类号:S917.4
引用信息:
[1]王馨聆,王旋,刘成栋,等.mTOR信号通路对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化及非特异性免疫力的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2025,55(04):39-48.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240080.
基金信息:
国家重点研究发展计划项目(2023YFD2400601); 国家海水鱼产业技术体系项目(CARS-47-G10)资助~~