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为研究胶州湾小型底栖动物时空分布格局及其环境影响因素，本研究团队于2021年1月和4月分别在胶州湾内、外海域各进行了1个航次的野外观测和采样，对小型底栖动物的类群组成、丰度、生物量、群落结构、水平和垂直分布及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。研究结果显示：调查海域共鉴定出小型底栖动物12个类群；冬季和春季小型底栖动物的平均丰度分别为(769.6±184.8)和(683.3±173.3) ind./10 cm2,平均生物量分别为(587.0±78.0)和(426.7±67.4)μg/10 cm2;自由生活海洋线虫为最优势类群，在冬、春两季分别占小型底栖动物总丰度的87.60%和92.36%;此外，底栖桡足类、轮虫和无节幼体等也是较重要的类群；在季节分布上，小型底栖动物群落结构存在显著差异，生物-环境因子匹配(Biological and environmental data matching, BioEnv)分析表明，解释其群落结构变异的最佳环境因子组合为水深、底温、沉积物含水量和中值粒径；在水平分布上，两个季节小型底栖动物群落结构在胶州湾口内、外均无显著差异，但每个季度的丰度最低值均出现在湾口站位，这可能与沉积物中值粒径以及底层水温有关；本海域小型底栖动物的平均丰度比其他海域要低，这与近海的人类活动密不可分；海洋线虫与桡足类之比(N/C)偏高，表明胶州湾沉积环境存在一定程度的有机污染，这可能是由于研究海域存在双壳类底播养殖活动，造成沉积环境中有机物富集。
Abstract：In order to study the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of meiofauna in Jiaozhou Bay and its influencing environmental factors, two field samplings were carried out in the waters inside and outside Jiaozhou Bay in January and April 2021. The taxon composition, abundance, biomass, community structure, horizontal and vertical distribution of meiofauna, and their relationship with the environmental factors were investigated. The results showed that 12 taxa of meiofauna were identified in the study area. The average abundance of meiofauna in winter and spring was(769.6±184.8) and(683.3±173.3) ind./10 cm2, respectively. The average biomass of meiofauna in winter and spring was(587.0±78.0) and(426.7±67.4) μg/10 cm2, respectively. Free-living marine nematode was the most dominant taxon, accounting for 87.60% and 92.36% of the total abundance of meiofauna, in winter and spring, respectively. Other important taxa included copepods, rotifers and nauplius. There were significant differences in seasonal distribution of meiofauna community structure. Results of BioEnv analysis showed that the best combination of environmental factors explaining the variation of meiofaunal community structure was water depth, bottom water temperature, sediment water content and median grain size. In terms of horizontal distribution, there were no significant differences in the community structure of meiofauna community inside and outside of Jiaozhou Bay between the two seasons, but the lowest abundance values in each season appeared in the mouth of the bay, which might be related to the sediment median grain size and bottom water temperature. The average abundance of meiofauna in the study area was lower than other areas, which was caused by the offshore human activities. The high values of N/C ratio indicated that there was organic pollution in the study area, which may be due to the bivalve bottom aquaculture in Jiaozhou Bay, resulting in the accumulation of organic matter in sediment environment.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240364
中图分类号:Q958.8
引用信息:
[1]鲍俊杰,何园园,刘晓收.胶州湾小型底栖动物时空分布及其环境影响因素[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(02):71-83.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20240364.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(41976131)资助~~
2026-02-02
2026-02-02