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在长期的选择性捕捞压力下，许多经济鱼类呈现出小型化、低龄化和性成熟提前的现象。为了探明选择性捕捞对鱼类种群生长和概率成熟反应范式(Probabilistic maturation reaction norms, PMRN)的影响，本研究通过实验生态学方法，设计“捕大留小”、“随机捕捞”和“捕小留大”三种捕捞策略，捕捞压力为50%,经过6个世代的选择性捕捞后，探究第7代海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)的生长和概率成熟反应范式。研究表明，经过长期的选择性捕捞，“捕大留小”组种群的性成熟提前，50%性成熟概率的日龄和体长减小，而“捕小留大”组结果则相反。“捕大留小”组的PMRN斜率为正，性成熟体长随日龄增加而增大，“随机捕捞”与“捕小留大”组的PMRN斜率为负，性成熟体长随日龄增加而减小，且“捕小留大”组55日龄性成熟体长始终高于“捕大留小”组。同时，“随机捕捞”组的概率成熟曲线集中，性成熟个体的体长差异较小，而“捕小留大”组概率成熟曲线最分散，性成熟个体的体长差异较大。研究结果显示，不同的选择性捕捞策略会影响海水青鳉的生长和性成熟模式，研究结果有望为渔业资源合理的开发和管理提供参考。
Abstract：Many commercial fish species show miniaturization, under ageing and early maturation under long-term selective harvesting pressure. In order to investigate the effect of selective harvesting on the growth and probabilistic maturation reaction norms of fish populations, the present study was carried out using experimental ecological methods to design three harvesting strategies, namely, large-harvesting, random-harvesting and small-harvesting, with a harvesting pressure of 50%. After six generations of selective harvesting, the growth and probabilistic maturation reaction norms of the seventh generation of Oryzias melastigma were investigated. The results showed that the maturity of the population of the large-harvesting strategy group was advanced after a long-term of selective harvesting, day-age and length for 50% probability of maturity decreased. The small-harvesting strategy group was opposite. The slope of PMRN in large-harvesting strategy group is positive, and the mature length increased with the increase of age. The slope of PMRN in the groups of random-harvesting strategy and small-harvesting strategy was negative. The mature length decreased with the increase of age. The 55-day-old mature length of the group of small-harvesting strategy was always higher than that of the group of large-harvesting strategy. At the same time, the probabilistic maturation curves of the random-harvesting strategy group were concentrated with smaller differences in the lengths of mature individuals. The probabilistic maturation curves of the small-harvesting strategy group were the most dispersed with larger difference in the lengths of mature individuals. Our findings will provide a reference for the rational development and management of fishery resources.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250025
中图分类号:S917.4
引用信息:
[1]孙欣瑶,刘贯奎,邓文博,等.选择性捕捞对海水青鳉生长和概率成熟反应范式的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2026,56(02):52-59.DOI:10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250025.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(32073027); 山东省泰山学者项目(tsqn202211052)资助~~
2026-02-02
2026-02-02