衣晓燕,黄有松,陈洪举,王为民,潘益锋,刘光兴,张寰

• 1:中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室
• 2:中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

为研究沙尘沉降入海对寡营养海区小型浮游植物(20~200μm)群落结构的影响,于2014年4月在西北太平洋寡营养盐海区进行了沙尘添加的现场船基围隔培养实验。结果表明,沙尘添加改变了原始海水的营养盐结构,在培养的过程中NO_3~-,NO_2~-以及SiO_3~(2-)营养盐的含量呈现下降趋势,PO_4~(3-)营养盐的含量呈现上升趋势。沙尘的添加导致小型浮游植物种类数减少了26%(对照组38种,沙尘组28种),且改变了优势种组成,细胞丰度由1 998cells/L增加至3 523cells/L。优势种由笔尖形根管藻(Rhizosolenia styliformis)(丰度233cells/L,占总丰度14.3%)、羽纹藻(Pinnulariaspp.)(丰度135cells/L,占总丰度8.3%)以及伯氏根管藻(Rhizosolenia bergonii)(丰度120cells/L,占总丰度7.4%)等演替为菱形藻(Nitzschiaspp.)(丰度2 835cells/L,占总丰度80.6%)和羽纹藻(丰度240cells/L,占总丰度6.8%)。沙尘添加促进了硅藻的生长,而甲藻的生长受到抑制,丰度明显下降。相对于对照组,沙尘组硅藻丰度增加了115.4%(对照组丰度由903cells/L增至1 568cells/L,沙尘组增至3 378cells/L),甲藻丰度减少了66.3%(对照组丰度由242cells/L增至430cells/L,沙尘组减至145cells/L)。研究显示,沙尘输入为西北太平洋寡营养海区小型浮游植物的生长贡献了营养盐等物质,不同浮游植物对沙尘添加后的响应不同,从而改变了小型浮游植物的群落结构。研究结果可为深入探讨沙尘对寡营养盐海区浮游植物群落结构和功能的影响提供参考依据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 沙尘;小型浮游植物;围隔实验;西北太平洋;寡营养海区

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重大科学研究计划项目(2014CB953700);; 国家自然科学基金重大国际(地区)合作研究项目(41210008)资助~~

作者(Author): 衣晓燕,黄有松,陈洪举,王为民,潘益锋,刘光兴,张寰

DOI: 10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20160174

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Duce R A,Unni C K,Ray B J,et al.Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical North Pacific:Temporal variability[J].Science,1980,209:1522-1524.
• [2]Uematsu M,Duce R A,Prospero J M,et al.Transport of mineral aerosol from Asia over the North Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,1983,88(C9):5343-5352.
• [3]Tanaka T Y,Chiba M.A numerical study of the contributions of dust source regions to the global dust budget[J].Global and Planetary Change,2006,52(1):88-104.
• [4]周秀骥,徐祥德,颜鹏,等.2000年春季沙尘暴动力学特征[J].中国科学:D辑,2002,32(4):327-334.Zhou X J,Xu X D,Yan B,et al.The characteristic of sandstorm kinetics in the spring of 2000[J].Chinese Science:D,2002,32(4):327-334.
• [5]Zhang G,Zhang J,Liu S.Characterization of nutrients in the atmospheric wet and dry deposition observed at the two monitoring sites over Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,2007,57(1):41-57.
• [6]Zhao T L,Gong S L,Zhang X Y,et al.Modeled size-segregated wet and dry deposition budgets of soil dust aerosol during ACE-Asia 2001:Implications for trans-Pacific transport[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2003,108(D23):1-9.
• [7]Maher B A,Prospero J M,Mackie D,et al.Global connections between aeolian dust,climate and ocean biogeochemistry at the present day and at the last glacial maximum[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2010,99(1):61-97.
• [8]Xiao H,Carmichael G R,Durchen W J.Long-range transport of Sox and dust in east Asia during the PEMB Experiment[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102:28589-28612.
• [9]Duarte C M,Dachs J,Llabrés M,et al.Aerosol inputs enhance new production in the subtropical northeast Atlantic[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111,G04006.
• [10]Kim T W,Lee K,Najjar R G,et al.Increasing N abundance in the northwestern Pacific Ocean due to atmospheric nitrogen deposition[J].Science,2011,334(6055):505-509.
• [11]Kim I N,Lee K,Gruber N,et al.Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen in the North Pacific Ocean[J].Science,2014,346(6213):1102-1106.
• [12]Bishop J K B,Davis R E,Sherman J T.Robotic observations of dust storm enhancement of carbon biomass in the North Pacific[J].Science,2002,298(5594):817-821.
• [13]Meskhidze N,Chameides W L,Nenes A.Dust and pollution:a recipe for enhanced ocean fertilization?[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2005,110(D3):1-23.
• [14]Jo C O,Lee J Y,Park K,et al.Asian dust initiated early spring bloom in the northern East/Japan Sea[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(5):L05602.
• [15]Chung C C,Chang J,Gong G C,et al.Effects of Asian dust storms on Synechococcus populations in the subtropical Kuroshio Current[J].Marine Biotechnology,2011,13(4):751-763.
• [16]Shao Y,Wyrwoll K,Chappell A,et al.Dust cycle:An emerging core theme in Earth system science[J].Aeolian Research,2011,2(4):181-204.
• [17]Dubovik O,Holben B,Eck T F,et al.Variability of absorption and optical properties of key aerosol types observed in worldwide locations[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,2002,59(3):590-608.
• [18]高会旺,姚小红,郭志刚,等.大气沉降对海洋初级生产过程与氮循环的影响研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(12):1325-1332.Gao H W,Yao X H,Guo Z G,et al.Atmospheric deposition on connected with marine primary production and nitrogen cycle:A review[J].Advances in Earth Science,2014,29(12):1325-1332.
• [19]Guieu C,Dulac F,Desboeufs K,et al.Large clean mesocosms and simulated dust deposition:A new methodology to investigate responses of marine oligotrophic ecosystems to atmospheric inputs[J].Biogeosciences,2010,7(9):2765-2784.
• [20]Shi J H,Gao H W,Zhang J,et al.Examination of causative link between a spring bloom and dry/wet deposition of Asian dust in the Yellow Sea,China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2012,117(D17):1-8.
• [21]Tan S C,Shi G Y,Shi J H,et al.Correlation of Asian dust with chlorophyll and primary productivity in the coastal seas of China during the period from 1998to 2008[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2011,116(G2):1-10.
• [22]Yuan W,Zhang J.High correlations between Asian dust events and biological productivity in the western North Pacific[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33,L07603,doi:10.1029/2005GL025174.
• [23]高会旺,张英娟,张凯.大气污染物向海洋的输入及其生态环境效应[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(3):326-330.Gao H W,Zhang Y J,Zhang K.Atmospheric inputs of pollutants to the sea and their effects on marine environment and ecosystem[J].Advances in Earth Science,2002,17(3):326-330.
• [24]Caldeira K,Wickett M E.Oceanography:anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH[J].Nature,2003,425(6956):365-365.
• [25]Bartoli G,Migon C,Losno R.Atmospheric input of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and silicon to the coastal northwestern Mediterranean Sea:Fluxes,variability and possible impact on phytoplankton dynamics[J].Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,2005,52(11):2005-2016.
• [26]张诚,邹景忠.尖刺拟菱形藻氮磷吸收动力学以及氮磷限制下的增殖特征[J].海洋与湖沼,1997,28(6):599-603.Zhang C,Zou J Z.Nutrient uptake kinetics and growth under nutrient limitation of Pseudonitzschia[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1997,28(6):599-603.
• [27]Ridame C,Guieu C.Saharan input of phosphate to the oligotrophic water of the open western Mediterranean Sea[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2002,47(3):856-869.
• [28]Officer C B,Ryther J H.The possible importance of silicon in marine eutrophication[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series.1980,3:83-91.
• [29]张璇,石晓勇,张传松,等.长江口及邻近海域赤潮藻种演替过程中营养盐特征[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(6):817-820.Zhang X,Shi X Y,Zhang C S,et al.Nutrient characteristics in red-tide algal succession in Changjiang Estuary and adjacent sea areas[J].Marine Environmental Science,2012,31(6):817-820.
• [30]孙萍.东海围隔生态系统内浮游植物对营养盐的响应[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所.2007:57-68.Sun P.Studies on the Response of Phytoplankton to Nutrient Input by Mesocosm Experiments in East China Sea[D].Qingdao:The First Institute of Oceanography,SOA.2007:57-68.
• [31]Eker-Develi E,Kideys A E,Tugrul S.Role of Saharan dust on phytoplankton dynamics in the northeastern Mediterranean[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2006,314:61-75.
• [32]高会旺,祁建华,石金辉,等.亚洲沙尘的远距离输送及对海洋生态系统的影响[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(1):1-10.Gao H W,Qi J H,Shi J H,et al.Lang-range transport of Asian dust and its effects on ocean ecosystem[J].Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(1):1-10.
• [33]Guerzoni S,Chester R,Dulac F,et al.The role of atmospheric deposition in the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea[J].Progress in Oceanography,1999,44(1):147-190.
• [34]Xia L,Gao Y.Chemical composition and size distributions of coastal aerosols observed on the US East Coast[J].Marine Chemistry,2010,119(1):77-90.
• [35]Sunda W G,Huntsman S A.Diel cycles in microbial manganese oxidation and manganese redox speciation in coastal waters of the Bahama Islands[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1990,35(2):325-338.
• [36]Jickells T D,Spokes L J.Atmospheric iron inputs to the oceans[M].∥The Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater.Jwiley:[s.n.]:2001,7:85-121.
• [37]Zhang J,Chen S Z,Yu Z G,et al.Factors influencing changes in rainwater composition from urban versus remote regions of the Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1999,104(D1):1631-1644.
• [38]Paytan A,Mackey K R M,Chen Y,et al.Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2009,106(12):4601-4605.
• [39]Agawin N S R,Duarte C M,AgustíS.Response of Mediterranean Synechococcus growth and loss rates to experimental nutrient inputs[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2000,206:97-106.

文章评论(Comment)：