马艳,董海鹰,郝燕,宫明晓

• 1:青岛市气象灾害防御工程技术研究中心
• 2:青岛市气象局
• 3:青岛市即墨区气象局

摘要(Abstract)：

利用探空观测资料,对比分析华北冷涡背景下青岛三次混合型对流天气过程环境场条件,揭示出现短时强降水、雷暴大风和冰雹天气时的水汽、稳定度和垂直风切变差异特征。分析结果表明:500 hPa上冷涡中心位于42°N的华北冷涡、850 hPa低涡系统和偏南风急流以及地面气旋是这三次混合型对流天气的影响系统;在这三次混合型对流过程中有无雷暴大风天气的环境参数区别比较显著:有雷暴大风表现出了相对较干的中低层和中层存在浅薄湿层的水汽层结,无雷暴大风的则是上干下湿和中层大气干燥的层结特征;稳定度差异决定了对流强度的差异:同时出现短时强降水、雷暴大风和冰雹的对流天气的层结不稳定度最强,表现为较大的850和500 hPa温差(大于30℃)以及较强的0～3 km垂直风切变(大于12 m·s~(-1));出现短时强降水和大风的大气层结稳定度最弱,相应的环境参数值也最小;在强不稳定层结和低层水汽充足的条件下,大于12 m·s~(-1)的0～3 km垂直风切变对青岛地区雷暴大风和冰雹的预报预警有较好的指示意义。

关键词(KeyWords)： 华北冷涡;混合型对流天气;环境场条件;青岛天气

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目(QYXM201709)资助~~

作者(Author): 马艳,董海鹰,郝燕,宫明晓

DOI: 10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20200069

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