李洁,王旋,周慧慧,刘成栋,麦康森,何艮

• 1:海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学)

摘要(Abstract)：

为研究脱酚棉籽蛋白替代凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)饲料中豆粕的效果，以初始体质量为(0.81±0.01) g的凡纳滨对虾为研究对象，进行6周的养殖实验。对照组饲料中豆粕含量为25%(编号为S0),分别用4.93%、10.06%、14.80%、19.73%的脱酚棉籽蛋白等蛋白替代25%、50%、75%、100%的豆粕(分别编号为S25, S50, S75, S100)。每个处理3个重复，每个重复70尾对虾。实验表明，与对照组相比，脱酚棉籽蛋白替代100%豆粕对对虾的生长和饲料利用无显著影响，但显著降低了胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性，显著降低了干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率。与对照组相比，脱酚棉籽蛋白替代75%豆粕时，对虾肠道中免疫相关基因的表达显著升高。肠道组织形态学观察实验表明，脱酚棉籽蛋白替代100%豆粕会影响对虾的肠道健康，肠道绒毛高度显著降低。结果表明，脱酚棉籽蛋白替代饲料中100%的豆粕不会对凡纳滨对虾的生长和饲料利用产生显著影响，但会影响对虾的消化、免疫应答以及肠道健康。

关键词(KeyWords)： 凡纳滨对虾;脱酚棉籽蛋白;豆粕;饲料利用;生长;免疫应答

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研究发展计划项目(2019YFD0900200);; 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-47-G10)资助~~

作者(Author): 李洁,王旋,周慧慧,刘成栋,麦康森,何艮

DOI: 10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20230137

参考文献(References)：

• [1] Tacon A G J,Metian M.Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds:Trends and future prospects[J].Aquaculture,2008,285(1-4):146-158.
• [2] Angela C,Wang W,Lyu H,et al.The effect of dietary supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus and Bupleurum chinense on the growth performance,immune-related enzyme activities and genes expression in white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2020,107:379-384.
• [3] Galkanda A H S C,Qiu X,Stein H H,et al.Evaluation of soybean meal from different sources as an ingredient in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Aquaculture Research,2019,50(4):1230-1247.
• [4] 闫洋洋.豆粕部分替代鱼粉饲料中几种添加剂对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫和肠道健康的影响[D].厦门：集美大学，2015.Yan Y Y.Effects of Several Additives in Soybean Meal Partially Substituted Fishmeal Feed on Growth,Immunity and Intestinal Health of Penaeus vannamei[D].Xiamen:Jimei University,2015.
• [5] Amaya E A,Davis D A,Rouse D B.Replacement of fish meal in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared under pond conditions[J].Aquaculture,2007,262(2-4):393-401.
• [6] Shi W,Yong J,Li X,et al.Partial replacement of fish-meal by soy protein concentrate and soybean meal based protein blend for juvenile Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Aquaculture,2016,464:296-302.
• [7] Zhao W,Liu Z L,Niu J.Growth performance,intestinal histomorphology,body composition,hematological and antioxidant parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss were not detrimentally affected by replacement of fish meal with concentrated dephenolization cottonseed protein[J].Aquaculture Reports,2021,19:100557.
• [8] Kumar M,Tomar M,Punia S,et al.Cottonseed:A sustainable contributor to global protein requirements[J].Trends in Food Science & Technology,2021,111:100-113.
• [9] Mbahinzireki G B,Dabrowski K,Lee K J,et al.Growth,feed utilization and body composition of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fed cottonseed meal-based diets in a recirculating system[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2001,7(3):189-200.
• [10] Jiang H,Li Q,Erchao L,et al.Partial or total replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal in practical diets for Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis:Effects on oxygen consumption,ammonia excretion,O∶N ratio and amino transferases activities[J].Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2012,12(3):1-7.
• [11] Huang Y J,Zhang N N,Fan W J,et al.Soybean and cottonseed meals are good candidates for fishmeal replacement in the diet of juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense[J].Aquaculture International,2018,26:309-324.
• [12] 周兴梅，何光伦，许志城，等.棉籽蛋白源对大口黑鲈生长、体组成及健康的影响[J].水产学报，2021,45(10):1703-1714.Zhou X M,He G L,Xu Z C,et al.Effects of cottonseed protein source on growth,body composition and health of Micropterus salmoides[J].Journal of Aquatic Sciences,2021,45(10):1703-1714.
• [13] 李志青，刘尚航，李浩，等.棉粕和脱酚棉籽蛋白在单胃动物生产中的应用研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志，2022,58(3):70-73.Li Z Q,Liu S H,Li H,et al.Progress in the application of cotton meal and de-phenolized cottonseed protein in monogastric animal production[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry,2022,58(3):70-73.
• [14] Zhang X,Zhou H H,Liu C D,et al.Fishmeal substitution with low-gossypol cottonseed meal in the diet for juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.):Effects on growth,nutrients utilization and haematological responses[J].Aquaculture Reports,2022,24:101149.
• [15] 薛敏，吴秀峰，郭利亚，等.脱酚棉籽蛋白在水产饲料中的应用[J].中国畜牧杂志，2007,43(8):55-58.Xue M,Wu X F,Guo L Y,et al.Application of de-phenolized cottonseed protein in aquafeed[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry,2007,43(8):55-58.
• [16] Wan M,Yin P,Fang W,et al.The effect of replacement of fishmeal by concentrated dephenolization cottonseed protein on the growth,body composition,haemolymph indexes and haematological enzyme activities of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2018,24(6):1845-1854.
• [17] Livak K J,Schmittgen T D.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCt method[J].Methods,2001,25(4):402-408.
• [18] Xie S,Wei D,Yin P,et al.Dietary replacement of fish-meal impaired protein synthesis and immune response of juvenile Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei at low salinity[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2019,228:26-33.
• [19] Xu C,Li E,Liu Y,et al.Effect of dietary lipid level on growth,lipid metabolism and health status of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at two salinities[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2018,24(1):204-214.
• [20] Li M H,Robinson E H.Use of cottonseed meal in aquatic animal diets:A review[J].North American Journal of Aquaculture,2006,68(1):14-22.
• [21] 林仕梅，毛述宏.罗非鱼低鱼粉饲料中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉的研究[J].动物营养学报，2011,23(12):2231-2238.Lin S M,Mao S H.Replacement of fishmeal by dephenolized cottonseed protein in low-fishmeal feeds for Tilapia[J].Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(12):2231-2238.
• [22] Ofojekwu P C,Ejike C.Growth response and feed utilisation in the tropical cichlid Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Linn.) fed on cottonseed-based artificial diets[J].Aquaculture,1984,42(1):27-36.
• [23] Luo L,Xue M,Wu X,et al.Partial or total replacement of fishmeal by solvent-extracted cottonseed meal in diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2006,12(6):418-424.
• [24] Hu Y,Huang Y,Feng F,et al.Effect of soybean meal replacement by cottonseed meal on growth,feed utilization and some blood physiological/biochemical indices of juvenile black carp,Mylopharyngodon piceus[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46(10):2490-2500.
• [25] Robinson E H.Improvement of cottonseed meal protein with supplemental lysine in feeds for channel catfish[J].Journal of Applied Aquaculture,1991,1(2):1-14.
• [26] El-Saidy D M S D,Gaber M M.Use of cottonseed meal supplemented with iron for detoxification of gossypol as a total replacement of fish meal in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.) diets[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,35(9):859-865.
• [27] Cheng Z J,Hardy R W,Usry J L,et al.Effects of lysine supplementation in plant protein-based diets on the performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients[J].Aquaculture,2003.215:255-265.
• [28] Su J,Hou H,Wang C,et al.Effects of replacing soybean meal with cottonseed meal on growth,muscle amino acids,and hematology of juvenile common carp,Cyprinus carpio[J].Aquaculture International,2019,27:555-566.
• [29] Wang K Z,Jiang W D,Wu P,et al.Gossypol reduced the intestinal amino acid absorption capacity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J].Aquaculture,2018,492:46-58.
• [30] Terrazas-Fierro M,Civera-Cerecedo R,Ibarra-Martínez L,et al.Apparent digestibility of dry matter,protein,and essential amino acid in marine feedstuffs for juvenile whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Aquaculture,2010,308:166-173.
• [31] 牛小天，Thobela L T,陈秀梅，等.复合动植物蛋白替代鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶对大口黑鲈生长性能、体组成、营养物质表观消化率及氮磷排放的影响[J].饲料工业，2022,43(24):39-48.Niu X T,Thobela L T,Chen X M,et al.Effects of phytase supplementation in the diet of fish meal replaced by compounded animal and plant protein feeds on growth performance,body composition,apparent digestibility of nutrients,nitrogen and phosphorus emissions of Micropterus salmoides[J].Feed Industry,2022,43(24):39-48.
• [32] Catacutan M R,Eusebio P S,Teshima S.Apparent digestibility of selected feedstuffs by mud crab,Scylla serrata[J].Aquaculture,2003,216:253-261.
• [33] Hassaan,El-Sayed,Soltan M A,et al.Partial dietary fish meal replacement with cotton seed meal and supplementation with exogenous protease alters growth,feed performance,hematological indices and associated gene expression markers (GH,IGF-I) for Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus[J].Aquaculture,2019,503:282-292.
• [34] Sun H,Tang J W,Yao X H,et al.Partial substitution of fish meal with fermented cottonseed meal in juvenile black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) diets[J].Aquaculture,2015,446:30-36.
• [35] Li E,Xu C,Wang X,et al.Gut microbiota and its modulation for healthy farming of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture,2018,26(3):381-399.
• [36] Wang Z,Zhu F.MicroRNA-100 is involved in shrimp immune response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio alginolyticus infection[J].Scientific Reports,2017(7):2334.
• [37] Zhang S,Li C Z,Yan H,et al.Identification and function of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) in Litopenaeus vannamei[J].PLoS One,2012,7(10):0047038.

文章评论(Comment)：