赵坤,田相利,李咏梅,李海东,解玉萌

• 1:海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学)
• 2:青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

本研究通对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖池塘的底泥进行富集筛选,以菌株对人工海水培养基中的NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N的去除能力为依据,共筛选得到4株具有高效NH~+_4-N或NO~-_2-N去除能力的芽孢杆菌,分别命名为MP2、MP6、MP15和MP21。根据菌株的形态特征、生理生化特性以及16S rDNA序列和特异性序列比对分析,菌株MP2、MP6和MP15被初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumlius)和地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)。进一步研究了不同菌株在人工海水培养基中的生长和脱氮特性,研究发现,4株菌均可同时去除人工海水培养基中的NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N,但不同菌株的脱氮特性有所差异,其中菌株MP2和MP15对人工海水培养基中的NO~-_2-N的去除能力优于对NH~+_4-N的去除能力,最高去除率分别为95.00%和100.00%,与此同时,2株菌株可分别同时去除人工海水培养基中约69.59%和54.97%的NH~+_4-N;而菌株MP6则表现出高效的NH~+_4-N去除特性,去除率高达100.00%,显著优于其对NO~-_2-N的去除率(约53.71%);菌株MP21虽能够同时去除NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N,但去除效果显著低于上述3株菌株,其对NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N的最大去除率分别为56.60%和34.80%。因此,综合菌株对NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N的去除效果,选取菌株MP2、MP6和MP15进行不同比例的配伍。对配伍后复配菌的脱氮特性研究表明,不同菌株经配伍后,通过菌株间功能互补,不仅可以高效的去除人工海水培养基中的NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N,且去除效果更加稳定和持续。本研究结果初步表明,菌株MP2、MP6和MP15不仅具有同时高效去除水体中的NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N的特性,且不同菌株通过一定比例配伍可更好的发挥脱氮特性,在水产养殖水环境调控和微生态制剂开发中具有潜在的应用价值。

关键词(KeyWords)： 芽孢杆菌;凡纳滨对虾;养殖池塘;氨氮;亚硝态氮;预混料设计

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 青岛市海洋经济创新发展示范城市项目(2016-27);; 广东省海洋经济创新发展区域示范专项(GDHY2013-B03-005);; 青岛市民生科技计划项目(15-9-2-96-NSH)资助~~

作者(Author): 赵坤,田相利,李咏梅,李海东,解玉萌

DOI: 10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20190030

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