张前前,陈然,李琛

• 1:中国海洋大学化学化工学院

摘要(Abstract)：

海洋硅藻种类繁多,具有因种而异的形状奇特的刚性细胞壁,称作硅质壳。硅质壳主要由无定形的二氧化硅构成,在纳米至微米尺度的三维结构(如孔、脊或管状结构)上表现出高度的规律性和精确的重现性。仿效硅藻,在温和的条件下制造超精细微纳米材料,成为众多从事生物、化学、材料研究工作者追逐的焦点。本文从硅藻硅质壳的形成机理及体外仿生、影响硅藻硅质壳结构的外在因素、硅藻硅质壳的化学修饰与应用3个方面的研究进展进行了综述。

关键词(KeyWords)： 海洋硅藻;硅质壳修饰;三维结构;微纳米材料

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 山东省科技攻关项目(2011GGX10401)资助

作者(Author): 张前前,陈然,李琛

DOI: 10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.2012.s1.020

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Round F E,Crawford R M,Mann D G.The diatoms:biology andmorphology of the genera[M].London:Cambridge UniversityPress,1990.
• [2]Gordon R,Losic D,Tiffany M A,et al.The glass menagerie:di-atoms for novel applications in nanotechnology[J].Trends in Bio-technology,2008,27(2):116-127.
• [3]Fuhrmann T,Landwehr S,Elrharbi-kucki M,et al.Diatoms asliving photonic crystals[J].Applied Physics B,2004,78:257-260.
• [4]Setaro A,Lettieri S,Maddalena P,et al.Highly sensitive opto-chemical gas detection by luminescent marine diatoms[J].AppliedPhysics Letters,2007,91:051921.
• [5]Jézéquel V M,Hildebrand M,Brzezinski M A.Silicon metabolismin diatoms:implications for growth[J].Journal of Phycology,2000,36:821-840.
• [6]Zurzolo C,Bowler C.Exploring bioinorganic pattern formation indiatoms:a story of polarized trafficking[J].Plant Physiology,2001,127(4):1339-1345.
• [7]Hildebrand M.Biological processing of nanostructured silica in di-atoms[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,2003,47:256-266.
• [8]Coradin T,Lopez P J,Gautier C,et al.From biogenic to biomim-etic silica[J].Comptes Rendus Palevol,2004,3(6-7):443-452.
• [9]Brandstadt K F.Inspired by nature:an exploration of biocatalyzedsiloxane bond formation and cleavage[J].Current Opinion in Bio-technology,2005,16:393-397.
• [10]梁君荣,陈丹丹,高亚辉,等.海洋硅藻硅质细胞壁结构的形成机理研究概述[J].海洋学报,2010,32(5):1-8.
• [11]史家远,姚奇志,周根陶.硅藻细胞壁硅化过程中有机质-矿物的相互作用[J].高校地质学报,2011,17(1):76-85.
• [12]Coombs J,Volcani B E.Studies on the biochemistry and finestructure of silica shell formation in diatoms[J].Planta(Berl.),1968,80:264-279.
• [13]Hildebrand M,Volcani B E,Gassmann W,et al.A gene familyof silicon transporters[J].Nature,1997,385(6618):688-689.
• [14]Krger N,Deutzmann R,Bergsdorf C,et al.Species-specificpolyamines from diatoms control silica morphology[J].Proceed-ings of the National Academy of Sciences,2000,97:14133-14138.
• [15]Krger N,Deutzmann R,Sumper M.Polycationic peptides fromdiatom biosilica that direct silica nanosphere formation[J].Sci-ence,1999,286:1129-1132.
• [16]Poulsen N,Sumper M,Krger N.Biosilica formation in dia-toms:characterization of native silaffin-2and its role in silicamorphogenesis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci-ences,2003,100:12075-12080.
• [17]Poulsen N,Krger N.A new molecular tool for transgenic dia-toms—control of mRNA and protein biosynthesis by an induciblepromoter-terminator cassette[J].FEBS Journal,2005,272:3413-3423.
• [18]Poulsen N,Chesley P M,Krger N.Molecular genetic manipu-lation of the diatomThalassiosira pseudonana(Bacillariophyceae)[J].Journal of Phycology,2006,42:1059-1065.
• [19]Krger N.Prescribing diatom morphology:toward genetic engi-neering of biological nanomaterials[J].Current Opinion inChemical Biology,2007,11:662-669.
• [20]Poulsen N,Krger N.Silica morphogenesis by alternative pro-cessing of silaffins in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana[J].Journal of Chemical Biology,2004,279:42993-42999.
• [21]Sewell S L,Rutledge R D,Wright D W.Versatile biomimeticdendrimer templates used in the formation of TiO2and GeO2[J],Dalton Transaction,2008(29):3857-3865.
• [22]Xu A W,Ma Y,Clfen H.Biomimetic mineralization[J].Jour-nal of Materials Chemistry,2007,17:415-449.
• [23]Jefferyes C,Campbell J,Li H,et al.The potential of diatomnanobiotechnology for applications in solar cells,batteries,andelectroluminescent devices[J].Energy&Environmental Sci-ence,2011,4:3930-3941.
• [24]Vrieling E G,Sun Q,Tian M,et al.Salinity-dependent diatombiosilicification implies an important role of external ion strength[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2007,104:10441-10446.
• [25]Saboski E M.Effects of mercury and tin on the ultrastructure ofthe marine diatom Nitzschia liebethrutti[J].Water Air SoilPoll,1977,8:461-466.
• [26]Townley H E,Woon K L,Payne F P,et al.Modification of thephysical and optical properties of the frustule of the diatomCosci-nodiscus wailesii by nickel sulfate[J].Nanotechnology,2007,18:295101.
• [27]Gehlen M,Beck L,Calas G.Unraveling the atomic structure ofbiogenic silica:evidence of the structural association of Al and Siin diatom frustules[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2002,66(9):1601-1609.
• [28]Azam F,Hemmingsen B B,Volcani B E.Germanium incorpora-tion into the silica of diatom cell walls[J].Arch Mikrobiol,1973,92:11-20.
• [29]Chiappino M L,Azam F,Volcani B E.Effect of germanic acid ondeveloping cell walls of diatoms[J].Protoplasma,1977,93:191-204.
• [30]Qin T,Gutu T,Jiao J,et al.Biological fabrication of photolumi-nescent nanocomb structures by metabolic incorporation of gera-nium into the biosilica of the diatom Nitzschia frustulum[J].ACS Nano,2008,2:1296-1304.
• [31]Jeffryes C,Gutu T,Jiao J,et al.Two-stage photobioreactorprocess for the metabolic insertion of nanostructured germaniuminto the silica microstructure of the diatom Pinnularia sp.[J].Materials Science and Engineering C,2008,28:107-118.
• [32]Rorrer G L,Chang C H,Liu S H,et al.Biosynthesis of silicon-germanium oxide nanocomposites by marine diatoms[J].Journalof Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2005,5:41-49.
• [33]Gale D K,Jeffryes C,Gutu T,et al.Thermal annealing acti-vates amplified photoluminescence of germanium metabolicallydoped in diatom biosilica[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011,21:10658-10665.
• [34]Jeffryes C,Gutu T,Jiao J,et al.Metabolic insertion of nano-structured TiO2into the patterned biosilica of the diatom Pinnu-lariasp.by a two-stage bioreactor cultivation process[J].ACSNano,2008,2(10):2103-2112.
• [35]夏嵩,张成武.硅藻纳米技术[J].中国生物工程杂志,2011,31(5):126-130.
• [36]Lettieri S,Setaro A,De Stefano L,et al.The gas-detectionproperties of light-emitting diatoms[J].Advanced FunctionalMaterials,2008,18(8):1257-1264.
• [37]Bismuto A,Setaro A,Maddalena P,et al.Marine diatoms as op-tical chemical sensors:a time-resolved study[J].Sensors andActuators B,2008,130(1):396-399.
• [38]Pérez-Cabero M,Puchol V,Beltrán D,et al.Thalassiosirapseudonana diatom as biotemplate to produce a macroporous or-dered carbon-rich material[J].Carbon,2008,46(2):297-304.
• [39]Losic D,Mitchell J G,Voelcker N H.Complex gold nanostruc-tures derived by templating from diatom frustules[J].ChemicalCommunication,2005(39):4905-4907.
• [40]Toster J,Iyer K S,Burtovyy R,et al.Regiospecific assembly ofgold nanoparticles around the pores of diatoms:toward three-di-mensional nanoarrays[J].Journal of the American Chemical So-ciety,2009,131:8356-8357.
• [41]Kusari U,Bao Z,Cai Y,et al.Formation of nanostructured,nanocrystalline boron nitride microparticles with diatom-derived3-D shapes[J].Chemical Communications,2007(11):1177-1179.
• [42]Weatherspoon M R,Allan S M,Hunt E,et al.Sol-gel synthesison self-replicating single-cell scaffolds:applying complex chemis-tries to nature’s 3-D nanostructured templates[J].ChemicalCommunication,2005(5):651-653.
• [43]Parker A R,Townley H E.Biomimetics of photonic nanostruc-tures[J].Nature Nanotechnology,2007,2(6):347-353.
• [44]Losic D,Mitchell J G,Voelcker N H.Diatomaceous lessons innanotechnology and advanced materials[J].Advanced Materials,2009,21(29):2947-2958.
• [45]Unocic R R,Zalar F M,Sarosi P M,et al.Anatase assembliesfrom algae:coupling biological self-assembly of 3-D nanoparticlestructures with synthetic reaction chemistry[J].Chemical Com-munication,2004:796-797.
• [46]Bao Z,Weatherspoon M R,Shian S,et al.Chemical reduction ofthree-dimensional silica micro-assemblies into microporous siliconreplicas[J].Nature,2007,446:172-175.
• [47]Bao Z,Ernst E M,Yoo S,et al.Syntheses of porous self-sup-porting metal-nanoparticle assemblies with 3D morphologies in-herited from biosilica templates(diatom frustules)[J].AdvancedMaterials,2009,21(4):474-478.
• [48]Bao Z,Song M K,Davis S C,et al.High surface area,micro/mesoporous carbon particles with selectable 3-D biogenic mor-phologies for tailored catalysis,filtration,or adsorption[J].En-ergy&Environmental Science,2011,4:3980-3984.
• [49]Wang G J,Fang Y,Kim P,et al.Layer-by-layer dendriticgrowth of hyperbranched thin films for surface sol-gel synthesesof conformal,functional,nanocrystalline oxide coatings on com-plex 3-D(bio)silica templates[J].Advanced Functional Materi-als,2009,19(17):2768-2776.
• [50]Lee S J,Huang C H.Rapid hydrolysis of organophosphorous es-ters induced by nanostrured,fluorine-doped titania replicas of dia-tom frustules[J].Communications of the American Ceramic So-ciety,2007,90(5):1632-1636.
• [51]Losic D,Triani G,Evans P J,et al.Controlled pore structuremodification of diatoms by atomic layer deposition of TiO2[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2006,16:4029-4034.
• [52]Jia Y,Han W,Xiong G,et al.Layer-by-layer assembly of TiO2colloids onto diatomite to build hierarchical porous materials[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2008,323:326-331.
• [53]Suárez M,Esteban-Tejeda L,Malpartida F,et al.Biocide activityof diatom-silver nanocomposite[J].Materials Letters,2010,64:2122-2125.
• [54]Fang Y,Wu Q,Dickerson M B,et al.Protein-mediated layer-by-layer syntheses of freestanding microscale titania structureswith biologically assembled 3-D morphologies[J].Chemistry ofMaterials,2009,21:5704-5710.
• [55]De Stefano L,Rotiroti L,De Stefano M,et al.Marine diatomsas optical biosensors[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2009,24(6):1580-1584.
• [56]Gale D K,Gutu T,Jiao J,et al.Photoluminescence detection ofbiomolecules by antibody-functionalized diatom biosilica[J].Ad-vanced Functional Materials,2009,19(6):926-933.
• [57]Sandhage K H,Bao Z.Methods of fabricating nanoscale-to-mi-croscale Structures:United States,US7615206[P].2009-11-10.
• [58]Gutu T,Gale D K,Jeffryes C,et al.Electron microscopy andoptical characterization of cadmium sulphide nanocrystals deposi-ted on the patterned surface of diatom biosilica[J].Journal ofNanomaterials,2009:1-7.
• [59]Zhou H,Fan T,Li X,et al.Bio-inspired bottom-up assembly ofdiatom-templated ordered porous metal chalcogenide meso/nano-structures[J].European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,2009,2009(2):211-215.
• [60]Jantschke A,Herrmann A K,Lesnyak V,et al.Decoration ofdiatom biosilica with boble metal and semiconductor nanoparticles(<10nm):assembly,characterization,and applications[J].Chemistry-An Asian Journal,2012,7:85-90.
• [61]Li X,Li X,Dai N,et al.Surface modification of diatomite usingpolyaniline[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2007,102:140-143.
• [62]Li X,Li X,Dai N,et al.Large-area fibrous network of polyani-line formed on the surface of diatomite[J].Applied Surface Sci-ence,2009,255:8276-8280.

文章评论(Comment)：